根瘤線蟲 (Meloidogyne spp.) 為內寄生性植物病原線蟲，其感染植株後將嚴重降低作物產量及品質且易導致設施栽培下連作障礙，過去常以土壤燻蒸或殺線蟲劑等化學方法防治根瘤線蟲危害，然而這些化學方法容易產生環境汙染破壞生態，因此施用資材或微生物製劑於土壤的生物性防治方法逐漸受大眾喜愛，本篇論文透過總體基因體學探討田間試驗及盆栽試驗下不同幾丁質資材、濃度與鏈黴菌處理對於根瘤線蟲感染花胡瓜之土壤微生物相影響。田間試驗施用兩種幾丁質資材－幾丁聚醣及蝦蟹殼粉至根瘤線蟲感染土壤，並於一周後進行土壤採樣，結果顯示，施用兩種幾丁質資材對於根瘤線蟲抑制效果及土壤微生物相均無顯著差異；盆栽試驗以 0%、2% 與 4% 幾丁質及鏈黴菌 sp. Cu4 處理比較對於根瘤線蟲感染花胡瓜之土壤微生物相影響差異，結果顯示，幾丁質資材本身可能帶有放線菌、厚壁菌等具有幾丁質分解能力或促進植物生長能力的細菌，這些細菌進而增加了土壤幾丁質分解及硝化作用，而施用 4% 幾丁質濃度對於植株生長效果較 2% 施用濃度佳；至於鏈黴菌 sp. Cu4 本身與土壤中其他微生物競爭失敗使菌株存活率不高，導致鏈黴菌處理相對於幾丁質對土壤微生物影響較小且對於根瘤線蟲抑制效果不佳。總結以上結果，幾丁質可能藉由導入本身既有的微生物，添加於根瘤線蟲感染土壤會增加具幾丁質分解能力的細菌及土壤硝化作用的進行，最終達到抑制根瘤線蟲感染植株以及促進植株生長效果。

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are plant-parasitic. They impact crops with lowering yields and quality, resulting in cropping obstacle in facility cultivation. Chemical methods, such as soil fumigation and nematicides, are common approaches to control root-knot nematodes. However, these methods may cause serious environmental pollution. Nowadays, people prefer biological methods such as applying organic matters or biocontrol agents. Biological methods basically inhibit nematodes by secreting secondary metabolites or increasing chitinase bacteria especially for Actinobacteriota. Nevertheless, how these methods affect soil microbiome remains unknown. Hence, this study used metagenomics to investigate the influences in soil microbiome after applications of chitin and Streptomyces, with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as a model. First, I applied chitosan and crustacean shell powder to soil infected with root-knot nematodes and sampled soil after one week in a field under a greenhouse. Results showed that two chitin materials had no significant difference in soil microbiome and root-knot nematodes control, probably due to other plant pathogens existed. Next, I conducted a pot experiment, with soil applications of 0%, 2% and 4% chitin and/or Streptomyces to compare their effects to soil microbiome and nematode susceptibility of cucumbers. Results showed that chitin materials may introduce specific bacteria, particularly Firmicutes or Actinobacteriota which can secrete chitinase or promote plants growth. Functional prediction suggested that these bacteria increase chitin hydrolysis and nitrification in the soil, leading to inhibition of root-knot nematodes and growth promotion of cucumbers. Furthermore, 4% chitin application promoted plants growth better than 2% and 0% chitin application. In contrast, Streptomyces sp. Cu4 treatment was less effective than chitin treatment in this research, probably due to competition with pre-existing soil microbes. In conclusion, chitin application may introduce bacteria which hydrolyze chitin and enhance soil nitrification to alleviate infection by root-knot nematodes and stimulate plant growth.

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