數據驅動、知識創價的工業4.0時代的逐步成形與實現對於企業的可持續性將是重大的關鍵，需要投入新且重大的變數，影響以往學界對組織創新模式及要素結構的研究見解需要重新檢視及再次確認。本文的目的是確定企業在推動工業4.0時影響組織創新至關重要的成功因素，我們旨在分析這些成功因素與工業4.0、人力資源和企業可持續性之間的關係。本研究以「組織創新」為依變項；「顧客導向」為外生變項；以「領導風格」和「組織文化」為內生變項，同時納入「知識吸收能力」與「知識整合能力」二內生變項，共同探討推動工業4.0時的組織創新模式及其形成要因。
本研究整合運用PLS-SEM及bootstrap等研究方法發現，對於專注投入推動工業4.0的企業而言，影響可持續性最重要的組織創新，自高而低地依其影響程度排序會受到「顧客導向、組織文化、領導風格」的影響，而「知識整合能力」會比「知識吸收能力」更重要。顯示在推動工業4.0時，在可持續性方面由領導人引領時代發展的逐漸消退，未來由顧客力量驅動的趨勢將愈形明顯。另外，在導入工業4.0時，人與機器雖然大幅增加互動，但也容易造成資訊孤島的問題，這也帶給領導人及組織管理的挑戰，在接納工業4.0使工廠越趨自動化的同時，人與人之間的「團隊合作」、「組織成員管理能力」、「高情商」、「人際溝通能力」、「適應力」仍然是影響成敗的關鍵。

The gradual formation and realization of the data-driven and knowledge-based Industry 4.0 era requires the investment of new and significant variables. The research insights affecting the past academic circles on organizational innovation models and element structures need to be reviewed and reconfirmed. This research takes "organizational innovation" as the dependent variable; "customer orientation" as the exogenous variable; "leadership style" and "organizational culture" as the endogenous variable, and incorporates both "knowledge absorptivity" and "knowledge integration capability" endogenous variables, jointly discuss the organizational innovation model and its formation factors under the concept of the new industrial era. From the perspective of regional research, Taiwan machinery manufacturers and their employees are selected as samples, hoping to become model learning objects and serve as a reference basis for expanded research.
Taiwan's machinery industry has a rare industry cluster innovation relationship in the world. 48 industrial clusters are in the three main areas of northern, central and southern Taiwan. The state of cluster development of global industrial clusters index in the world is ranked No.1 for many years. This study integrates methods such as PLS-SEM and bootstrap method, and finds that the organizational innovation that promotes Industry 4.0 will be affected by "customer orientation, organizational culture, and leadership style" in order to promote the organizational innovation of Industry 4.0. "Knowledge integration capability” will be more important than "knowledge absorptivity", showing that leading the era by leaders gradually fade away, and customer power will become increasingly important. In addition, the introduction of Industry 4.0 has significantly increased the interaction between people and machines, but it has also easily caused the problems of information silos, which also brings challenges to leaders and organization management. While Industry 4.0 makes factories more and more automated, "teamwork", "organizational member management", "high EQ", "interpersonal communication" and "adaptability" among people are still the key to the success or failure.

Abbas, J., Zhang, Q., Hussain, I., Akram, S., Afaq, A., & Shad, M. A. (2020). Sustainable innovation in small medium enterprises: The impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation through a mediation analysis by using SEM approach. Sustainability, 12(6), 2407.
“Ability” Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster; 2022. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ability [Last accessed on 2022 May 9].
Acha, V., Gann, D. M., & Salter, A. J. (2005). Episodic innovation: R&D strategies for project-based environments. Industry & Innovation, 12(2), 255–281.
Adams, M. B., & Johnson, M. A. (2020). Acculturation, pluralism, empowerment: Cultural images as strategic communication on Hispanic nonprofit websites. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 13(4), 309-327.
Ahearne, M., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Gruen, T. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of customer- company identification: expanding the role of relationship marketing. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 574-85.
Airaksinen, A.H., Luomaranta, H., Alajääskö, P., & Roodhuijzen, A. Statistics on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Dependent and Independent SMEs and Large Enterprises. Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Statistics_on_small_and_medium-sized_enterprises (accessed on 10 October 2018).
Aldrich, H., & Mueller, S. (1982). Research in Organizational Behaviour. An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews.
Alofan, F., Chen, S., & Tan, H. (2020). National cultural distance, organizational culture, and adaptation of management innovations in foreign subsidiaries: A fuzzy set analysis of TQM implementation in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Business Research, 109, 184-199.
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76(5), 77-87.
Amidon, R., & Amidon, D. M. (1996). The challenge of fifth generation R＆D. Research-Technology Management, 39(4), 33-41.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Andersen, P. H., & Kragh, H. (2013). Managing creativity in business market relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(1), 82-85.
Anderson, N., Potonik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-ofthe-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297-1333.
Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125-143.
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003). Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261-295.
Anwar, K. (2017). analyzing the conceptual model of service quality and its relationship with guests’satisfaction: a study of hotels in erbil. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 25(2), 1-16.
Anwar, K., & Qadir, G. H. (2017). A Study of the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction in Private Companies in Kurdistan. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 3(12), 239944.
Auerbach, T., Kamps, S., Veselovac, D., & Klocke, F. (2013). Digitales Technologiewissen durch intelligente Fertigungssysteme. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 108(7-8), 561-565.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Atuahene-Gima, K., & Ko, A. (2001). An empirical investigation of the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation alignment on product innovation. Organization Science, 12(1), 54-74.
Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Puja, B. (2003). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, organizational commitment and leadership distance. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Conference, Seattle, Washington.
Aydogdu, S., & Asikgil, B. (2011). The effect of transformational leadership behavior on organizational culture: An application in pharmaceutical industry. International Review of Management and Marketing, 1(4), 65-73.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Barlett, K., & Kang, D. (2004). Training and organizational commitment among nurses following industry and organizational change in New Zealand and the United States. Human Resource Development International, 7(4), 423-440
Barney, J.B., 1991. Firms resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
Barney, J. B., & Wright, P. M. (1998). On becoming a strategic partner: The role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in Alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 37(1), 31-46.
Barraud‐Didier, V., & Guerrero, S. (2002). Impact of social innovations on French companies’ performance: A study of high‐involvement practices. Measuring Business Excellence, 6(2), 42-48. ISSN: 1368-3047
Barrett, P., & Sexton, M. (2006). Innovation in small, project‐based construction firms. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 331-346.
Barry, J., & Proops, J. (1999). Seeking sustainability discourses with Q methodology. Ecological Economics, 28(3), 337-345.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4(1), 231-272.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1997). Full Range Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bass, B. M. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, research and managerial applications. New York: Free Press
Becker, S. W., & Whisler, T. L. (1967). The innovative organization: A selective view of current theory and research. The Journal of Business, 40(4), 462-469.
Bennis, W. (2009). On becoming a leader. Philadelphia, PA: Warren Bennis.
Berthon, P., Pitt, L. F., & Ewing, M. T. (2001). Corollaries of the collective: The influence of organizational culture and memory development on perceived decision-making context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), 135-150.
Bhat, A., Rangnekar, S., & Barua, M. (2013). Impact of transformational leadership style on organizational Learning. Journal of Education and Review, 1(14), 24- 31.
Birkel, H. S., Veile, J. W., Müller, J. M., Hartmann, E., & Voigt, K. I. (2019). Development of a risk framework for Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainability for established manufacturers. Sustainability, 11(2), 384.
Blau, J. R., & McKinley, W. (1979). Ideas, complexity, and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 200-219.
Block, C., Kreimeier, D., & Kuhlenkötter, B. (2018). Holistic approach for teaching IT skills in a production environment. Procedia Manufacturing, 23, 57-62.
Boehm, S. A., Dwertmann, D. J., Bruch, H., & Shamir, B. (2015). The missing link? Investigating organizational identity strength and transformational leadership climate as mechanisms that connect CEO charisma with firm performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 156-171.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12.
Braccini, A. M., & Margherita, E. G. (2018). Exploring organizational sustainability of industry 4.0 under the triple bottom line: The case of a manufacturing company. Sustainability, 11(1), 36.
Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115-140.
Burgess, B. H. (1989). Industrial organization. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Byrne, B.M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Cameron, K. S., & Ettington, D. R. (1988). The conceptual foundations of organizational culture. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 356-396). New York, NY: Agathon.
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Campion, M. A., Fink, A. A., Ruggeberg, B. J., Carr, L., Phillips, G. M., & Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practices in competency modeling. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 225-262.
Carlson, J. M., & Trichtinger, R. (2001). Perspectives on entertainment television's portrayal of a racial incident: An intensive analysis. The Communication Review, 4(2), 253-278.
Carmona, L. J. D. M., Gomes, G., & da Costa, D. D. L. C. (2020). Elements of organizational culture that encourage innovation development. Revista de Administração FACES Journal, 08-26.
Carter, C. R., & Jennings, M. M. (2002). Logistics social responsibility: an integrative framework. Journal of Business Logistics, 23(1), 145-180.
Cerezo-Narvaez, A., Otero-Mateo, M., & Pastor-Fernandez, A. (2017, October). Development of professional competences for industry 4.0 project management. In 7th IESM Conference Proceedings. International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (pp. 487-492).
Chacke, G. K. (1988). Technology Management Application to Corporate 277 Markets and Military Missions. New York: Praeger.
Chang, W. S., Lin, Z. Y., & Lin, C. Y. (2015). The demonstration of the soft power of service: A study of the professional competence of the guest service staff of international tourist hotels, Leisure & Holisic Wellness, (13), 129-142
Chang, S. C., & Lee, M. S. (2007). The effects of organizational culture and knowledge management mechanisms on organizational innovation: An empirical study in Taiwan. The Business Review, 7(1), 295-301.
Chang, S. C. & Lee, M. S. (2008). The linkage between knowledge accumulation capability and organizational innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 3-20.
Chen, S. L. & Huang Y. J. (2014) The influence mechanisms of transformational leadership on job engagement: The role of psychological capital and service climate. NTU Management Review, 25(1), 129-155. DOI: 10.6226/NTURM2014.JAN.R11057
Chen, A. S. Y., & Hou, Y. H. (2016). The effects of ethical leadership, voice behavior and climates for innovation on creativity: A moderated mediation examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 1-13.
Chen, Q., Wang, C. H., & Huang, S. Z. (2020). Effects of organizational innovation and technological innovation capabilities on firm performance: evidence from firms in China’s Pearl River Delta. Asia Pacific Business Review, 26(1), 72-96.
Chen, K. C., & Yuan, J. C. (2006). Exploring How the Business Operation Model Is Associated with Industry Clusters: In the Case of Taiwan’s Precision Machinery Industry. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC. Available online: https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/11536/77225/2/580501.pdf (accessed on 10 February 2021).
Chien, M. H. (2004). A study to improve organizational performance: A view from SHRM. Journal of American academy of business, 4(1/2), 289-291.
Chin, T., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Yu, X, & Cao, L. (2019). Co-creation of social innovation: corporate universities as innovative strategies for Chinese firms to engage with society. Sustainability, (11)5, 1438.
Ching, C. H., & Chou, T. L. (2007). Differentiations in Taiwan’s regional industrial clusters: the impacts of China effects. Journal of Geographical Science, 49, 55-79.
Child, J. (1997). Strategic choice in the analysis of action, structure, organizations and environment: Retrospect and prospect. Organization Studies, 18(1), 43-76.
Chonsawat, N., & Sopadang, A. (2020). Defining SMEs’ 4.0 readiness indicators. Applied Sciences, 10(24), 8998.
Christensen, C. M. (1997), The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Chuang, L. M. (2002). An empirical study on the construction of organizational Innovation model in Taiwanese information and electronic industry (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/mx65v6
Clark, J., & Guy, K. (1998). Innovation and competitiveness: a review: Practitioners' forum. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(3), 363-395.
Cockburn, I. M., Henderson, R. M., & Stern, S. (2000). Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10‐11), 1123-1145.
Cohen, S. (1988) Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 128-152.
“Competence” Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster; 2022. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/competence [Last accessed on 2022 May 9].
Cook, A., & Glass, C. (2014). Above the glass ceiling: When are women and racial/ethnic minorities promoted to CEO?. Strategic Management Journal, 35(7), 1080-1089.
Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning.
Czeplel, J. A., & Rosenberg, L. J. (1977). Consumer satisfaction: concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 5(3), 403-411.
Daft, R. L. (1978). A dual-core model of organization innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 193-210.
Daft, R. L. (1982). Bureaucratic versus nonbureaucratic structure and the process of innovation and change. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 1(1), 129-166.
Daft, L. R. (2002). The leadership experience. Orlando: Harcourt College.
Dalkey, N. C. (1969). The Delphi method: An experimental study of group opinion. Santa Monica Calif.: RAND Corp.
Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555-590.
Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: development and testing multiple contingency models. Management Science, 42, 693-716.
Damanpour, F., & Evan, W. M. (1984). Organizational innovation and performance: the problem of" organizational lag". Administrative Science Quarterly, 392-409.
Darroch, J., & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types of innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
Davies, R., Coole, T., & Smith, A. (2017). Review of socio-technical considerations to ensure successful implementation of Industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 1288-1295.
Davies, A., & Hobday, M. (2005). The business of projects: Managing innovation in complex products and systems. Cambridge. UK: Cambridge University Press.
De Bernardi, P., Bertello, A., & Venuti, F. (2019). Online and on-site interactions within alternative food networks: Sustainability impact of knowledge-sharing practices. Sustainability, 11(5), 1457.
De Jong, J. P., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Del Canto, J. G., & Gonzalez, I. S. (1999). A resource-based analysis of the factors determining a firm's R&D activities. Research Policy, 28(8), 891-905.
DE NORMALISATION, C. E., & NORMUNG, E. K. F. (2004). European Guide to good Practice in Knowledge Management-Part 3: SME Implementation. Brussels: CEN.
Denison, D. R. (1984). Bringing corporate culture to the bottom line. Organizational Dynamics, 13(2), 5-22.
Deshpandé, R., & Farley, J. U. (2004). Organizational culture, market orientation, innovativeness, and firm performance: an international research odyssey. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 3-22.
Deshpandé, R., Farley, J. U., & Webster Jr, F. E. (1993). Corporate culture, customer orientation, and innovativeness in Japanese firms: a quadrad analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 23-37.
Dess, G. G., & Picken, J. C. (2000). Changing roles: Leadership in the 21st century. Organizational Dynamics, 28(3), 18-34.
Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316.
Donavan, D. T., Brown, T. J., & Mowen, J. C. (2004). Internal benefits of service-worker customer orientation: Job satisfaction, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 128-146.
Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper and Row.
Drucker, P. F. (2002). Innovation And Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. New York: Harper and Row.
Drucker, P. F., HESSELBEIN, F., GOLDSMITH, M., & BECKHARD, R. (1996). Leader of the Future, The: New Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the Next Era. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass.
Drury, J., & Reicher, S. (2005). Explaining enduring empowerment: A comparative study of collective action and psychological outcomes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35(1), 35-58.
Donavan, D. T., Brown, T. J., & Mowen, J. C. (2004). Internal benefits of service-worker customer orientation: Job satisfaction, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 128-146.
Dougherty, D., & Bowman, E. H. (1995). The effects of organizational downsizing on product innovation. California Management Review, 37(4), 28-44.
Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. (1996). Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1120-1153.
Dubrin, A. J. (2010). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skill. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
Durning, D. (1999). The transition from traditional to postpositivist policy analysis: A role for Q‐methodology. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: The Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, 18(3), 389-410.
Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735-744.
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
Du Plessis, M. (2007). The role of knowledge management in innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management.
Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R., & Yuthas, K. (2010). Implementing sustainability: The role of leadership and organizational culture. Strategic finance, 91(10), 41.
Eskiler, E., Ekici, S., Soyer, F., & Sari, I. (2016). The relationship between organizational culture and innovative work behavior for sports services in tourism enterprises. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 69(1), 53-64.
Ettlie, J. E., Bridges, W. P., & O’Keefe, R. D. (1984). Organization strategy and structural differences of radical versus incremental innovation. Management Journal, 30, 682-695.
Evans, P.C., & Annunziata, M. (2012) Industrial Internet: Pushing the boundaries of minds and machines. Boston: General Electric Company.
Fang, M. Y. (2002). A study of the interaction effects of work motivation and organizational culture on job performance and job satisfaction in Taiwan semi-conductor industry. Management Review, 21(3), 69-96.
Finkelstein, M. A., & Penner, L. A. (2004). Predicting organizational citizenship behavior: Integrating the functional and role identity approaches. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32(4), 383-398.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
Frazzon, E. M., Hartmann, J., Makuschewitz, T., & Scholz-Reiter, B. (2013). Towards socio-cyber-physical systems in production networks. Procedia Cirp, 7, 49-54.
Frolov, V. G., Kaminchenko, D. I., Kovylkin, D. Y., Popova, J. A., & Pavlova, A. A. (2017). The main economic factors of sustainable manufacturing within the industrial policy concept of industry 4.0. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 16(2), 1-11.
Gallagher, S., Brown, C., & Brown, L. (2008). A strong market culture drives organizational performance and success. Employment Relations Today, 35(1), 25-31.
Gao, Y. (2017). Business leaders’ personal values, organisational culture and market orientation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(1), 49-64.
Garavan, T. N., & McGuire, D. (2001). Competencies and workplace learning: some reflections on the rhetoric and the reality. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87.
Gardner, J., Chongwony, L., & Washington, T. (2018). Investigating instructional design management and leadership competencies - A delphi study. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 21(1).
Garud, R., & Nayyar, P. R. (1994). Transformative capacity: Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 15(5), 365-385.
Gattiker, U. E., & Larwood, L. (1990). Predictors for career achievement in the corporate hierarchy. Human Relations, 8, 703-726.
Gaynor, G. H. (2002). Innovation by design: what it takes to keep your company on the cutting edge. New York: Amacom.
Glynn, M. A. (1996). Innovative genius: A framework for relating individual and organizational intelligences to innovation. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1081-1111.
Gölzer, P., & Fritzsche, A. (2017). Data-driven operations management: organisational implications of the digital transformation in industrial practice. Production Planning & Control, 28(16), 1332-1343.
Gopalakrishnan, S., & Damanpour, F. (1997). A review of innovation research in economics, sociology and technology management. Omega: International Journal of Management Science, 25(1), 15-28.
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109-122.
Greenwood, R., & Hinings, C. R. (1996). Understanding radical organizational change: Bringing together the old and the new institutionalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1022-1054.
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461-473.
Hage, J. T. (1999). Organizational innovation and organizational change. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 597-622.
Hahn, R. (2020). The anatomy of a scientific institution. In The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution. Auckland City, CA: University of California Press.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis with reading (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (Pearson new international edition.) Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 1(2).
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616-632.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Hamel. G., & Heene A. (1994). Competence-Based Competition. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Han, Z. J. & Chen, Y. W. (2012). A study of the professional competencies required by graduates of the Department of Shipping Management for employment. Maritime Quarterly, 21(2), 69-94
Han, J. K., Kim, N., & Srivastava, R. K. (1998). Market orientation and organizational performance: is innovation a missing link?. Journal of Marketing, 62(4), 30-45.
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008-1015.
Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. JW, & Woodman, R. W. (1995). Organizational Behavior. USA: South-Western College Publishing.
Hennig-Thurau, T. (2004). Customer orientation of service employees: Its impact on customer satisfaction, commitment, and retention. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(5), 460-478.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135.
Hinings, C. R., Thibault, L., Slack, T., & Kikulis, L. M. (1996). Values and organizational structure. Human Relations, 49(7), 885-916.
Hitt, M. A., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K., & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on the strategy and performance in professional service firms: A resource-based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 13-28.
Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Kim, H. (1997). International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal, 40(4), 767-798.
Ho, H. Y. & Chen, J. W. (2011). A study of the professional competencies of publishing for students in the Department of Graphic Communication. Journal of CAGST, 606-617
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529.
Hofmann, E., & Rüsch, M. (2017). Industry 4.0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics. Computers in Industry, 89, 23-34.
De Hoogh, A. H., Den Hartog, D. N., Koopman, P. L., Thierry, H., Van den Berg, P. T., Van der Weide, J. G., & Wilderom, C. P. (2005). Leader motives, charismatic leadership, and subordinates' work attitude in the profit and voluntary sector. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 17-38.
Hopp, W. J., Tekin, E., & Van Oyen, M. P. (2004). Benefits of skill chaining in serial production lines with cross-trained workers. Management Science, 50(1), 83-98.
Horváth, D., & Szabó, R. Z. (2019). Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 119-132.
Hsu, J. T, Liao, H. Y., & Huang, Z. S. (2011). How to become a competent tour guide? Exploration of personality and professional competence. Journal of National Defense Management, 32(2), 1-26
Huang, Y. C. (2020) A Study of Core Competencies for Novice Salesmen in Life Insurance Industry. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, ROC. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/qeps99
Hughes, D. J., Lee, A., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Legood, A. (2018). Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(5), 549-569.
Hung, S. W., & Lu, W. M. (2008). The comparative productivity efficiency of Taiwan's integrated circuits packaging/testing firms. INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 46(3), 189-198.
Hughes, J. E., & Norris. (2001). Creativity, Innovation and strategy: The innovation challenge. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hurley, R. F., & Hult, G. T. M. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42-54.
Hutahayan, B., Astuti, E., Raharjo, K., & Hamid, D. (2013). The mediating effect of organizational culture and organizational commitment in relationship between transformational leadership to organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(5), 618-626.
Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004). The keystone advantage: what the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Ilies, R., Morgeson, F. P., & Nahrgang, J. D. (2005). Authentic leadership and eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leader–follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 373-394.
Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch, F. A., & Volberda, H. W. (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: how do organizational antecedents matter?. Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 999-1015.
Jarvis, P. L. (1983). The psychology of leisure travel: Effective marketing and selling of travel service. Boston, MA: CBI Publishing Co.
Jaskyte, K. (2004). Transformational leadership, organizational culture, and innovativeness in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 15(2), 153-168.
Jerez-Gomez, P., Céspedes-Lorente, J., & Valle-Cabrera, R. (2005). Organizational learning capability: a proposal of measurement. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 715-725.
Jin, Z. (1999). Organizational innovation and virtual institutes. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(1), 75-83.
Johansen, R. (2012). Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Johannessen, J. A., & Dolva, J. O. (1994). Competence and innovation: Identifying critical innovation factors. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Change, 3(3), 209-222.
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003). The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4-5), 525-544.
Kagermann, H., Helbig, J., Hellinger, A., & Wahlster, W. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the future of German manufacturing industry; final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Forschungsunion.
Kamp, B., Ochoa, A., & Diaz, J. (2017). Smart servitization within the context of industrial user–supplier relationships: contingencies according to a machine tool manufacturer. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 11(3), 651-663.
Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2015). Strategy, not technology, drives digital transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press, 14(1-25).
Kanter, R. M. (1988). Three tiers for innovation research. Communication Research, 15(5), 509-523.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2004), Strategy Maps. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Kassim, G. Y., Anyanwu, S. A. C., & Nwuche, C. A. (2017). Incentive management strategies and employee performance: a study of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 3(8).
Ke, W. H. (2014). Assessment of the importance of the professional competencies of catering R&D personnel. Journal of Technological and Vocational Education, 5(3), 77-98
Ke, W. H. & Li, C. J. (2010). A study on the relationship between professional competencies, continuing education and career development of Chinese chefs in Taiwan. Journal of Hospitality and Home Ecnomics, 7(3), 261-284
Kelm, K. M., Narayanan, V. K., & Pinches, G. E. (1995). Shareholder value creation during R&D innovation and commercialization stages. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 770-786.
Kelley, K., & Preacher, K. J. (2012). On effect size. Psychological Methods, 17(2), 137.
Kerr, N. L., & Kaufman-Gilliland, C. M. (1994). Communication, commitment, and cooperation in social dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(3), 513.
Khan, I. U. (2018). The role of organizational justice and culture in relationships between leadership styles and employees’ performance. Pakistan: Dera Ismail Khan, Gomal University.
Khan, M. J., Aslam, N., & Riaz, M. N. (2012). Leadership styles as predictors of innovative work behavior. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 17-22.
Kiel, D., Müller, J. M., Arnold, C., & Voigt, K. I. (2020). Sustainable industrial value creation: Benefits and challenges of industry 4.0. In Digital Disruptive Innovation (pp. 231-270).
Kim, D., Basu, C., Naidu, G. M., & Cavusgil, E. (2011). The innovativeness of born-globals and customer orientation: Learning from Indian born-globals. Journal of Business Research, 64(8), 879-886.
Kim, B., Kim, E., & Foss, N. J. (2016). Balancing absorptive capacity and inbound open innovation for sustained innovative performance: An attention-based view. European Management Journal, 34(1), 80-90.
Kim, H. S., & Shim, S. (2003). Gender‐based approach to the understanding of leadership roles among retail managers. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(3), 321-342.
Kimberly, J. R. (1981). Managerial innovation. In P. C. Nystrom & W. H. Starbuck (Eds.). Handbook of Organizational Design (pp. 84-104). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kimberly, J. R., & Evanisko, M. (1981). Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational, and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technological and administrative innovations. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 689-713.
Kipper, L. M., Furstenau, L. B., Hoppe, D., Frozza, R., & Iepsen, S. (2020). Scopus scientific mapping production in industry 4.0 (2011–2018): a bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Research, 58(6), 1605-1627.
Kitchell, S. (1995). Corporate culture, environmental adaptation, and innovation adoption: a qualitative/quantitative approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(3), 195-205.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. NY: Guilford Press.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications.
Knight, K. E. (1967). A descriptive model of the intra-firm innovation process. Journal of Business Research, 40, 478-496.
Knowles-Cutler A, & Lewis H. (2016) Talent for survival: Essential skills for humans working in the machine age. London: Deloitte LLP.
Kochhar, R., & David, P. (1996). Institutional investors and firm innovation: A test of competing hypotheses. Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 73-84.
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3), 383-397.
Kohli, A. K., & Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market orientation: the construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1-18.
Kolibáčová, G. (2014). The relationship between competency and performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 62(6), 1315-1327.
Kotler P. (1989). From mass marketing to mass customization. Planning Review, 17(5), 10-47.
Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing management: Analysis, planning, implementation and control. 11th ed. Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
Kozma, D., Varga, P., & Larrinaga, F. (2021). System of Systems Lifecycle Management—A new concept based on process engineering methodologies. Applied Sciences, 11(8), 3386.
Kuch, B., & Westkämper, E. (2017). On the evolution of regional efficiency potentials. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 1528-1535.
Kuo, S. Y. (2001). Psychological and educational research methods: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC: Jing Hua Publishing. ISBN13：9789574192007
Kuo, S. Y., Chen S. J., & Li, M. H. (2009). The Impact of Civil Aviation Pilot Personality and Professional Competencies on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation B, 41(2), 99-108
Lahti, R. K. (1999). Identifying and Intergrating Individual Level Core Competencies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14 (1), 59-75.
Lak, B., & Rezaeenour, J. (2018). Maturity assessment of social customer knowledge management (sckm) using fuzzy expert system. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 19(1), 192-212.
Lale, G., & Arzu, I. (2009). Transformational leadership and organizational innovation: The roles of internal and external support for innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(3), 264-277.
Lam, A. (2004). Organizational Innovation. In Working Paper No. 1 BRESE, School of Business and Management Brunel University.
Lai, C, J. & Li, L. S. (2011). Methods and Options for Competency Analysis. T&D, (114), 1-22.
Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). The reification of absorptive capacity: A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 833-863.
Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H. G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239-242.
Laudien, S. M., & Daxböck, B. (2016). The influence of the industrial internet of things on business model design: A qualitative-empirical analysis. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(08), 1640014.
Lawson, B., & Samson, D. (2001). Developing innovation capability in organisations: a dynamic capabilities approach. International Journal of Innovation Management, 5(03), 377-400.
Lecouteur, A., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2001). Repertoires of teaching and learning: A comparison of university teachers and students using Q methodology. Higher Education, 42(2), 205-235.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence?. Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46.
Levenson, A. R., Van der Stede, W. A., & Cohen, S. G. (2006). Measuring the relationship between managerial competencies and performance. Journal of Management, 32(3), 360-380.
Li, L. C., Chang, Y. S., & Teng, Y. J. (2008). Putting on the right battlefield, putting on the right clothes-The character and abilities of top managers of international tourist hotels. Leisure and Recreation Research, 2(2), 19-61
Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2004). A multilevel investigation of factors influencing employee service performance and customer outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 41-58.
Liao, S. H., Fei, W. C., & Chen, C. C. (2007). Knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability: an empirical study of Taiwan's knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of Information Science, 33(3), 340-359.
Lichtenthaler, U., & Lichtenthaler, E. (2009). A capability‐based framework for open innovation: Complementing absorptive capacity. Journal of Management Studies, 46(8), 1315-1338.
Lin, C. Y. (2006). A study on the organizational innovations in Taiwan’s logistics industry. The Business Review, 5(1), 270-275.
Lin J. Y. (2010). Research on the theoretical basis of industry-oriented professional and technical manpower cultivation model: A study of industrial competence analysis method and competence application (Unpublished research report). National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Special Research Project (No. NSC96-2522-S027-001-MY3)
Lin, H. L. & Chen, C. C. (2003). Applied Statistics. Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC: Yeh Yeh Book Gallery. ISBN：9789866672767
Lin, Y. P., Huang, J. Y., & Tung, Y. C. (2004). How Organizational Learning and Organizational Innovations Mediate Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study of the Information Technology Industry in Scientific Industry'. Management Review, 23(1), 101-134.
Lin, K. C., Shyu, J. Z., & Ding, K. (2017). A cross-strait comparison of innovation policy under industry 4.0 and sustainability development transition. Sustainability, 9(5), 786.
Lin, W. B. & Wu, W. Y. (2004). A study on the impact of knowledge integration and operational characteristics on core competencies from an organizational learning perspective, NTU Management Review, 15(2), 165-197
Lindquist, E. A., & Marcy, R. T. (2014) The competing values framework: Strategic implications for leadership, conflict and change in public organizations. In Proceedings of the 3rd Research Conference of the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 19 May 2014.
Lohmoller, Jan-Bernd (1989). Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares. Heidelberg: Physica.
Lopez Research. (2014). Building smarter manufacturing with the Internet of Things (IoT). Lopez Research LLC. San Francisco, CA.
Luo, W. H. (1986). Theory and Application of Q Method, Mass Communication Research, (37), 45-71
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Luo, W. H. (1986). Theory and Application of Q Method. Mass Communication Research, 37, 45-71
Lysaght, R. M., & Altschuld, J. W. (2000). Beyond initial certification: the assessment and maintenance of competency in professions. Evaluation and Program Planning, 23(1), 95-104.
Maccoby, M. (2001). The human side: Successful leaders employ strategic intelligence. Research-Technology Management, 44(3), 58-60.
Maciver, F. (2016). Reversing the Design-Marketing Hierarchy: Mapping New Roles and Responsibilities in ‘Designer-Led’New Product Development. The Design Journal, 19(4), 625-646.
Madlock, P. E., & Kennedy-Lightsey, C. (2010). The effects of supervisors’ verbal aggressiveness and mentoring on their subordinates. Journal of Business Communication, 47(1), 42-62. doi:10.1177/0021943609353511
Maffei, S., & Bianchini, M. (2016). Emerging Production Models. A design business perspective. In Designing Business and Management. London: Bloomsbury.
Marquis, D. G. (1982). The anatomy of successful innovation. Cambridge: Winthrop Publishers.
Marsh, S. J., & Stock, G. N. (2006). Creating dynamic capability: The role of intertemporal integration, knowledge retention, and interpretation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(5), 422-436.
Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European journal of innovation management.
Mattsson, S., Fast-Berglund, Å., Li, D., & Thorvald, P. (2020). Forming a cognitive automation strategy for Operator 4.0 in complex assembly. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 139, 105360.
Mazali, T. (2018). From industry 4.0 to society 4.0, there and back. Ai & Society, 33(3), 405-411.
Mazhelis, O., Luoma, E., Warma, H. (2012). Defining an Internet-of-Things Ecosystem. In: Andreev, S., Balandin, S., Koucheryavy, Y. (eds) Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networking. ruSMART NEW2AN 2012 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7469. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32686-8_1
McClelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for" intelligence.". American Psychologist, 28(1), 1.
McNaughton, R. B., Osborne, P., Morgan, R. E., & Kutwaroo, G. (2001). Market orientation and firm value. Journal of Marketing Management, 17(5-6), 521-542.
Mcshane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2009). Organizational behavior: essentials (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Mekpor, B., & Dartey-Baah, K. (2017). Leadership styles and employees’ voluntary work behaviors in the Ghanaian banking sector. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(1), 74–88.
Melchor, M. Q., & Julián, C. P. (2008). The impact of the human element in the information systems quality for decision making and user satisfaction. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 48(2), 44-52.
Michna, A., & Kmieciak, R. (2020). Open-mindedness culture, knowledge-sharing, financial performance, and industry 4.0 in SMEs. Sustainability, 12(21), 9041.
Mintzberg, H. (1979). The Structuring of Organization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Mirabile, R. J. (1997). Everything you Wanted to Know About Competency Modeling. Training & Development, 51(8), 73-77.
Moynihan, P. (2005). Goal-Based Learning and the Future of Performance Management. Public Administration Review, 65(2), 203-216.
Mudrak, T., van Wagenberg, A., & Wubben, E. (2004). Assessing the innovative ability of FM teams: a review. Facilities.
Müller, J. M. (2019b). Antecedents to Digital Platform Usage in Industry 4.0 by Established Manufacturers. Sustainability, 11, 4, 1121.
Müller, J. M., Buliga, O., & Voigt, K. I. (2018). Fortune favors the prepared: How SMEs approach business model innovations in Industry 4.0. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 132, 2-17.
Müller, J. M., Buliga, O., & Voigt, K. I. (2021). The role of absorptive capacity and innovation strategy in the design of industry 4.0 business Models-A comparison between SMEs and large enterprises. European Management Journal, 39(3), 333-343.
Naqshbandi, M. M., & Tabche, I. (2018). The interplay of leadership, absorptive capacity, and organizational learning culture in open innovation: Testing a moderated mediation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 133, 156-167.
Naqshbandi, M. M., Tabche, I., & Choudhary, N. (2019). Managing open innovation: The roles of empowering leadership and employee involvement climate. Management Decision, 57(3), 703-723.
Narayanan, V., Yang, Y., & Zahra, S. (2009). Corporate venturing and value creation: A review and proposed framework. Research Policy, 38(1), 58-76.
Narver, J. C., & Slater, S. F. (1990). The effect of a market orientation on business profitability. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 20-35.
Nemec, B. (2011). Customer satisfaction with the game day experience: An exploratory study of the impact tailgating has on fan satisfaction. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Newell, S., & Swan, J. (1995). The Diffusion of Innovations in Sport Organizations: An Evaluative Framework. Journal of Sport Management, 9(3).
Nguyen, H., & Mohamed, S. (2011). Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Development, 30(2), 206-221.
Nicholls, A., Simon, J., & Gabriel, M. (2015). Introduction: Dimensions of social innovation. In New frontiers in social innovation research (pp. 1-26). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Niemetz, H., De Kinderen, S., & Constantinidis, C. (2013). Understanding the role of subcultures in the enterprise architecture process. In Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company. New York: Oxford University Press.
Northouse, P. G. (2018) Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications.
Nystrom, P. C., Ramamurthy, K., & Wilson, A. L. (2002). Organizational context, climate and innovativeness: adoption of imaging technology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(3-4), 221-247.
Odważny, F., Szymańska, O., & Cyplik, P. (2018). Smart Factory: The requirements for implementation of the Industry 4.0 solutions in FMCG environment-case study. LogForum, 14(2).
Oesterreich, T. D., & Teuteberg, F. (2016). Understanding the implications of digitisation and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: A triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry. Computers in Industry, 83, 121-139.
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 766-788.
Okatan, K., & Alankuş, O. B. (2017). Effect of organizational culture on internal innovation capacity. Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation, 4(3), 18-50.
Ooi, K. B., Lee, V. H., Tan, G. W. H., Hew, T. S., & Hew, J. J. (2018). Cloud computing in manufacturing: The next industrial revolution in Malaysia?. Expert Systems with Applications, 93, 376-394.
Ou, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., Kinicki, A. J., Waldman, D. A., Xiao, Z., & Song, L. J. (2014). Humble chief executive officers’ connections to top management team integration and middle managers’ responses. Administrative Science Quarterly, 59(1), 34-72.
Ouchi, W. G., & Wilkins, A. L. (1985). Organizational culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 11(1), 457-483.
Owens, R. G., & Valesky, C. T. (2007). Organizational behavior education: Adaptive leadership and school reform (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Padash, A., & Ghatari, A. R. (2020). Toward an Innovative Green Strategic Formulation Methodology: Empowerment of corporate social, health, safety and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 261, 121075.
Padmanabhan, V., & Jimcy, C. S. (2021) A Study on Human Resource Management Approaches towards Industry 4.0. in The Journal of Indian Art History Congress. ISSN: 0975-7945
Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z. and Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.
Pecić, L., & Kolarević, M. (2014, June). Marketing Oriented Organizational Culture as Prerequisite for TQM Implementation: the Case Study of Serbian Mechanical Industry. In Proceedings from VIII International Conference Heavy Machinery/Zlatibor (pp. B27-35).
Perry-Smith, J. E., & Mannucci, P. V. (2017). From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), 53-79.
Piccarozzi, M., Aquilani, B., & Gatti, C. (2018). Industry 4.0 in management studies: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 10(10), 3821.
Pierce, J. L., & Newstrom, J. W. (2006). Leaders & the leadership process: Readings, self-assessments &applications (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Poovathingal, J. S., & Kumar, D. V. (2018). Quantifying the contribution of competencies toward performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(4), 693-716. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-12-2016-0267
Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry structure and competitive strategy: Keys to profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30-41.
Porter, M. E., & Heppelmann, J. E. (2014). How smart, connected products are transforming competition. Harvard Business Review, 92(11), 64-88.
Porter, L. V., & Sallot, L. M. (2005). Web power: a survey of practitioners’ World Wide Web use and their perceptions of its effects on their decision-making power. Public Relations Review, 31(1), 111-119.
Pounder, J. S. (2001). “New leadership” and university organisational effectiveness: exploring the relationship. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Previte, J., Pini, B., & Haslam‐McKenzie, F. (2007). Q methodology and rural research. Sociologia Ruralis, 47(2), 135-147.
Rabbani, S., Imran, R., & Kamal, N. (2014). Leadership and creativity: Does organizational culture matter. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 4(6), 50–56.
Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2018). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management.
Radnor, M., Feller, I., & Rogers, E. (1978). The diffusion of innovations: An assessment. IL: Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Science and Technology, Northwestern University
Ramayah, T. J. F. H., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Memon, M. A. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using smartPLS 3.0. An updated guide and practical guide to statistical analysis. Singapore: Pearson. ISBN: 978-967-349-750-8
Ravichandran, T. (1999). Redefining organizational innovation: towards theoretical advancements. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2), 243-274.
Razavi, S. H., & Attarnezhad, O. (2013). Management of organizational innovation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1).
Read, A. (2000). Determinants of successful organisational innovation: A review of current research. Journal of Management Practice, 3(1), 95-119.
Redmond, M. R., Mumford, M. D., & Teach, R. (1993). Putting creativity to work: Effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55(1), 120-151.
Reinfurt, L., Breitenbücher, U., Falkenthal, M., Fremantle, P., & Leymann, F. (2017, October). Internet of Things security patterns. In Proc. PLoP (p. 20).
Rezaei-Zadeh, M., & Darwish, T. K. (2016). Antecedents of absorptive capacity: A new model for developing learning processes. The Learning Organization, 23, 77-91.
Richert, A., Shehadeh, M., Willicks, F., & Jeschke, S. (2016). Digital transformation of engineering education-empirical insights from virtual worlds and human-robot-collaboration. Digital Transformation of Engineering Education, 6(4), 23-29.
Richter, S., Trier, M., & Richter, A. (2017). Value co-creation in the digital factory–The empowered role of shop floor workers. Zurich Open Repository and Archive In: Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2017, Hobart, 4 December 2017 - 6 December 2017, s.n..
Rigdon, E. (2005). SEM FAQ. From http://www.gsu.edu/~mkteer/html.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Boenningstedt. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), 32-49.
Robbins, S. P. (1990) Organizational Theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Organizational behavior: Concepts, controversies and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Robbins, S. P. (2006). Organization Behavior (11th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S. P. & Colter, M. (2007). Management (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. (2007). Organizational behavior. (12th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S.P. & Judge T.A. (2009). Essentials of organizational behavior (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Rodriguez, D., Patel, R., Bright, A., Gregory, D., & Gowing, M. K. (2002). Developing competency models to promote integrated human resource practices. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 41(3), 309-324.
Russell, R. D. (1995). An investigation of some organizational correlates of corporate entrepreneurship: Toward a systems model of organizational innovation. Entrepreneurship Innovation and Change, 4(4), 295-314.
Ryhammar, L., & Smith, G. J. (1999). Creative and other personality functions as defined by percept-genetic techniques and their relation to organizational conditions. Creativity Research Journal, 12(4), 277-286.
Sanders, K. P. (1972). Q study of editors' attitudes toward journalism research. Journalism Quarterly, 49(3), 519-530.
Sandvik, I. L., & Sandvik, K. (2003). The impact of market orientation on product innovativeness and business performance. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 20(4), 355-376.
Sarros, J.C., Gray, J.H., Densten, I.L., & Luca, E. (2003). Leaders and their use of motivating language: a discourse analysis. Paper to be presented at the British Academy of Management Annual Conference, Harrogate, UK, 15-17 September.
Saxe, R., & Weitz, B. A. (1982). The SOCO scale: A measure of the customer orientation of salespeople. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(3), 343-351.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.
Schlinger, M. J. (1969). Cues on Q-technique. Journal of Advertising Research, 9(3), 53-60.
Schulze, J. H., & Pinkow, F. (2020). Leadership for organisational adaptability: How enabling leaders create adaptive space. Administrative Sciences, 10(3), 37.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. P.21-22
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business cycles (Vol. 1, pp. 161-174). New York: Mcgraw-hill.
Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1950). The march into socialism. The American Economic Review, 40(2), 446-456.
Schwab, K., & Sala-i-Martín, X. (2016). The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014: Full Data Edition. Cologny, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
Schwepker, C. H. (2003). Customer-oriented selling: A review, extension, and directions for future research. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, 23(2), 151-171.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
Scuotto, V., Caputo, F., Villasalero, M., & Del Giudice, M. (2017). A multiple buyer–supplier relationship in the context of SMEs’ digital supply chain management. Production Planning & Control, 28(16), 1378-1388.
Shalley, C.E. and Gilson L.L. 2004. What leaders need to know: a review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. Leadership Quarterly, 15 (1): 33-53.
Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H., & Li, Y. (2017). Examining the feasibilities of Industry 4.0 for the hospitality sector with the lens of management practice. Energies, 10(4), 499.
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: Evidence from Korea. Academy of management Journal, 46(6), 703-714.
“Skill” Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster; 2022. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/skill [Last accessed on 2022 May 9].
Slater, S. F., Olson, E. M., & Finnegan, C. (2010). Business strategy, marketing organization culture, and performance. Marketing Letters, 22(3), 227-242.
Song, M., Droge, C., Hanvanich, S., & Calantone, R. (2005). Marketing and technology resource complementarity: An analysis of their interaction effect in two environmental contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 26(3), 259-276.
Song, M., & Noh, J. (2006). Best new product development and management practices in the Korean high-tech industry. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(3), 262-278.
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. New York, NY: Wiley.
Spencer, L. M., McClelland, D. C., & Spencer, S. (1994). Competency Assessment Methods: History and State of the Art. Boston, MA: Hay-McBer Research Press.
Sridhar, S. (2019). Leadership Role in Making Effective use of Innovation in Industry 4.0. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8, 256-260.
Stephenson, W. (1935). Technique of factor analysis. Nature, 136(3434), 297-297.
Stevens, G. C., & Johnson, M. (2016). Integrating the supply chain… 25 years on. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 46(1), 19-42. DOI 10.1108/IJPDLM-07-2015-0175.
Stewart, G. L., Manges, K. A., & Ward, M. M. (2015). Empowering sustained patient safety: the benefits of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 30(3), 240-246.
Stock, R. M., & Hoyer, W. D. (2005). An attitude-behavior model of salespeople’s customer orientation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(4), 536-552.
Stock, T., & Seliger, G. (2016). Opportunities of sustainable manufacturing in industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP, 40, 536-541.
Strong, C. A., & Harris, L. C. (2004). The drivers of customer orientation: an exploration of relational, human resource and procedural tactics. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 12(3), 183-204.
Subramanian, R., & Gopalakrishan, P. (2001). The market orientation-performance relationship in the context of a developing economy an empirical analysis. Journal of Business Research, 53(2), 1-13.
Sun, P. Y., & Anderson, M. H. (2012). The combined influence of top and middle management leadership styles on absorptive capacity. Management Learning, 43(1), 25-51.
Sun, B., Jämsä-Jounela, S. L., Todorov, Y., Olivier, L. E., & Craig, I. K. (2017). Perspective for equipment automation in process industries. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(2), 65-70.
Sung, T. K. (2018). Industry 4.0: a Korea perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 132, 40-45.
Sutton, A., & Watson, S. (2013). Can competencies at selection predict performance and development needs?. Journal of Management Development.
Swanson, E. B. (1994). Information systems innovation among organizations. Management Science, 40(9), 1069-1092.
Synnes, E. L., & Welo, T. (2016). Bridging the gap between high and low-volume production through enhancement of integrative capabilities. Procedia Manufacturing, 5, 26-40.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Tai, W. H. & Chang, Y. R. (2010). A Study of Travel Industry Attitudes and Competence Perceptions of Interns in Taiwan. Chia-nan Annual Bulletin: Humanity, 36, 588-600.
Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. (2010). MacroWikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World. London: Portfolio Hardcover.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Assessing IT usage: The role of prior experience. MIS Quarterly, 561-570.
Teece, D. J. (1998). Design issues for Innovative Firms: Bureaucracy, Incentives and Industrial Structure. In The Dynamic Firm: The Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization, and Regions. UK: Oxford University Press.
Teng, P. S., Cai, D., & Yu, T. K. (2014). The relationship between individual characteristics and ideation behavior: an empirical study of storyboards. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 24(4), 459-471.
Teo, T. S., Srivastava, S. C., & Jiang, L. I. (2008). Trust and electronic government success: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(3), 99-132.
Thomke, S., & Von Hippel, E. (2002). Innovators. Harvard Business Review, 80(4), 74-81.
Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of structural equation modeling. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold(eds.) Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 261- 283). Washing, DC: APA.
Todorova, G., & Durisin, B. (2007). Absorptive capacity: Valuing a reconceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 774-786.
Towers Watson. (2020). Culture Tool Alignment: Aligning Your Corporate Culture with Business Goals. December 2020. Available online: www.towerswatson.com/services/Employee-Surveys (accessed on 29 May 2021).
Tsai, C. T. (1997). Organizational factors, creativity of organizational members and organizational innovation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/kwnc44
Tsai, C. T., Huang, K. L., & Kao, C. F. (2001). The relationships among organizational factors, creativity of organizational members and innovation capability. Journal of Management, 18(1), 527-566.
Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464-476.
Tucker, R. (2001). Innovation Discipline Provide a context for collaboration. Executive Excellence, 18(9), 3-4.
Tushman, M., & Nadler, D. (1986). Organizing for innovation. California Management Review, 28(3), 74-92.
Tushman, M. L., & Nelson, R. R. (1990). Introduction: Technology, organizations, and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 1-8.
Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-30.
Tyler, T. R., & De Cremer, D. (2005). Process-based leadership: Fair procedures and reactions to organizational change. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(4), 529-545.
Ullman, J. B., Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Structural Equation Modeling, 4, 653-771.
Utterback, J. M. (1994). Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation: How Companies Can Seize Opportunities in the Face of Technological Change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Van de Ven, A. H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590-607.
Van de Ven, A., Polley, D., Garud, S., & Venkataraman, S. (1999). The Innovation Journey. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 577-588.
Veile, J. W., Kiel, D., Müller, J. M., & Voigt, K. (2019, September). Ecosystem 4.0: A Supply Chain Perspective on Business Model Innovation. In Proceedings of the XXX International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) Innovation Conference, Florence, Italy (pp. 16-19).
Venkataraman, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Strategy and entrepreneurship: Outlines of an untold story. Invited book chapter in the Strategic Management Handbook edited by Hitt et.al. (Revised December 10, 2000).
Vinzi, V. E., Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., & Wang, H. (2010). Handbook of partial least squares (Vol. 201, No. 0). Berlin: Springer.
Volberda, H. W., Foss, N. J., & Lyles, M. A. (2010). Perspective—Absorbing the concept of absorptive capacity: How to realize its potential in the organization field. Organization Science, 21(4), 931-951.
Wagner, S. M. (2012). Tapping supplier innovation. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(2), 37-52.
Walsh, J. P., & Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 57-91.
Walter, A., & Ritter, T. (2003). The influence of adaptations, trust, and commitment on value‐creating functions of customer relationships. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(4/5), 353-365.
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126.
Wang, G., Oh, I. S., Courtright, S. H., & Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research. Group & Organization Management, 36(2), 223-270.
Wang, D. S., & Hsieh, C. C. (2013). The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(4), 613-624.
Wang, M. L., & Hsu, C. C. (2006). Organizational Innovation and Organizational Performance: The Moderating Effects of Human Resource Management Systems. Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, 45-69.
Webler, T., Tuler, S., & Krueger, R. O. B. (2001). What is a good public participation process? Five perspectives from the public. Environmental Management, 27(3), 435-450.
Wei, C. C. (2008). An Exploration of the Competency Theory: A Case Study on HR Account Manager Competencies (Unpublished master thesis). National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/6g64u3
Weinert, F. E. (1999). Concepts of Competence (pp. 3-34). Contribution within the OECD Project Definition and Selection of Competencies: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations (DeSeCo). Neuchatel: Bundesamt für Statistik.
Whiddett, S., & Hollyforde, S. (1999). The Competencies Handbook. London: Institute of Personal and Development.
Witkowski (2016). Internet of Things, Big Data, Industry 4.0 – Innovative Solutions in Logistics and Supply Chains Management. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Whitley, R. (2006). Project-based firms: New organizational form or variations on a theme. Industrial and Corporate Change, 15(1), 77-99.
Wold, H. (1982). Soft modeling: the basic design and some extensions. Systems under Indirect Observation, 2, 343.
Wolfe, R. A. (1994). Organizational innovation: Review, critique and suggested research directions. Journal of Management Studies, 31(3), 405-431.
Wong, K.K.K. (2019). Mastering Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-Sem) with Smartpls in 38 Hours. IN, USA: iUniverse, Bloomington.
Wong, S. Y., & Chin, K. S. (2007). Organizational innovation management: An organization‐wide perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(9), 1290-1315.
Workforce Development Agency, Taiwan, ROC. (2022a). Introduction to the competence benchmark. Retrieved from https://www.wda.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=587B06AA3B7E815B
Workforce Development Agency, Taiwan, ROC. (2022b). Competence benchmark guidelies. Retrieved from https://www.wda.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=40F2D3F528A54598
Wu, H. C. (2014). A pilot study of HR’s professional skill competency: the case of Taiwan’s SME. Global Business Operation and Management, (6), 89-101.
Wu, W.Y.; Lin, C.C.; Fu, C.S. The Influences of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and Performance-An Empirical Study of Pharmaceutical Companies with Different Nationalities in Taiwan. J. Bus. Adm. 2006, 71, 35–76.
Xu, J., & Cooper Thomas, H. (2011). How can leaders achieve high employee engagement?. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 399-416.
Xu, L. D., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2941-2962.
Yammarino, F. J., Spangler, W. D., & Bass, B. M. (1993). Transformational leadership and performance: A longitudinal investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 4(1), 81-102.
Yan, R. (2017). Optimization approach for increasing revenue of perishable product supply chain with the Internet of Things. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(4), 729-741.
Yang, C. F., & Sung, T. J. (2016). Service design for social innovation through participatory action research. International Journal of Design, 10(1).
Yao, X., & Lin, Y. (2016). Emerging manufacturing paradigm shifts for the incoming industrial revolution. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 85(5), 1665-1676.
Yu, P. L. (2017). Innovative culture and professional skills: The use of supportive leadership and individual power distance orientation in IT industry. International journal of manpower, 38(2), 198–214.
Yukl, G. A. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zagoršek, H., Dimovski, V., & Škerlavaj, M. (2009). Transactional and transformational leadership impacts on organizational learning. Journal for East European Management Studies, 14(2), 144-165.
Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185-203.
Zhu, W., Chew, I. K., & Spangler, W. D. (2005). CEO transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: The mediating role of human–capital-enhancing human resource management. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 39-52.
Ziaei Nafchi, M., & Mohelská, H. (2020). Organizational culture as an indication of readiness to implement industry 4.0. Information, 11(3), 174.
Zohar, D., & Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 616.
Zollo, M., & Winter, S. G. (2002). Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization science, 13(3), 339-351.
Zwell, M., & Ressler, R. (2000). Powering the human drivers of financial performance. Strategic Finance, 81(11), 40-45.