Background: Postpartum depressive symptoms have frequently been associated with impaired quality of interactions between mothers and their preterm infants. However, previous findings were inconsistent and limited in Indonesia
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and mother-preterm infant interactions during early postpartum period in Indonesia.
Methods: A correlational study was conducted to evaluate the depressive symptoms in 71 mothers with preterm infants (< 37 gestational weeks) using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at two hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia. The relationship between postpartum depressive symptoms and mother-preterm infant interaction as observed and coded by Observation of Communicative Interaction (OCI) was investigated at least two weeks in the early postpartum period. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to ascertain the extent to which maternal depression and mother-preterm infant interactions were influenced by maternal, infant, and psychosocial factors.
Result: The prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms (EPDS score ≥13) among mothers with preterm infants was 36.62%. Maternal stress was the most potential risk factor of postpartum depressive symptoms (OR = 1.63), while high social support (OR = .82) and increased mother-infant interactions during breastfeeding (OR = .83) may diminish the risk of postpartum depressive symptoms. Mothers showed interact less with their preterm infants during breastfeeding. The interactions may be increased significantly when mothers have a higher maternal education (B = 3.50) and a lower infant birth weight (B= -3.47). Mothers with depressive symptoms have a significantly lower interactive behaviour in providing tactile and kinesthetic stimulation, displaying pleasure during interactions, smiling to the infants, and practising various prosodic features compared to mothers without depressive symptoms.
Conclusion: postpartum depressive symptoms is a possible risk factor in establishing a good mother-preterm infant interaction. Early detection of postpartum depression should be considered as part of comprehensive infant care during NICU admission. Psychosocial intervention and health education also may be necessary to help mothers to alleviate stress and enhance interactions with their preterm infants.

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