在航空公司的營運管理中，藉由管制不同價格座位的經營方式「收益管理」因其帶來的收益效果而受到重視。隨著產業環境與經濟景氣的快速變化，此項建構於數學技巧之上的管理方式已是航空公司所須仰賴的重要工具。不論是落實於單一航段或是整各航空網路上，目的均是藉由不同的座位配置方式達到最佳化的收益目標。

本研究從管理實踐與數學模式之回顧中，獲得座位配置模式形成與達最佳化收益之條件。本篇研究以主要的座位配置方式：數學規劃與期望邊際座位收益的操作為主軸，建構座位配置模式，運用最佳化條件求得座位配置數。期望邊際座位收益法配合巢式座位控制之應用，由為單一航段上兩艙等的座位配置方式，在後續研究的發展下成為可運用於多艙等的策略；數學規劃法被認為能反應航空運輸的網路特性，座位容量由多重旅次與艙等所共享。由於兩者最佳化條件的差異，對於座位配置產生了不同的效果。

獲得模式資訊後藉由多航段與單航段之簡例進行座位配置。在價格、平均需求量與航段容為已知且固定的情況下，配合兩種不同模式之運作，計算多艙等之座位配置方式，最後彙整結果之異同，回饋於修正模式與需求之設定。

The application of “Revenue Management” is an essential part of airlines operations. As the industry itself is getting more competitive and shifting with the economic cycle, this mathematic technique already played an important role in airlines business. Airlines realize revenue management by implementing optimal seat allocation over flights, on either leg basis or over the entire network.

From the reviews of management practices and mathematic models, we built up the structure of formulating seat allocation models and their optimal conditions. The main concepts of seat allocation in this research, mathematical programming and EMSR, are the guidance to model construction and also optimal seat allocation on multiple fare classes market.

This research exercised mathematical programming and EMSR seats allocation under given demand condition, fare classes and legs capacity. With the summary of allocation results, providing the feedbacks to the demand condition and yielded alternatives to modify original models.

一、中文
1. 中華民國交通部民用航空局，國內航空票價管制說明，民國八十九年。
2. 張有恆，航空業經營管理，華泰文化事業股份有限公司，民國九十二年。

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