臺灣即將於2025 年成為超高齡化社會。為了因應此趨勢，臺灣政府於社區據點中提供社會參與職能以達到活躍老化的終極目標。然而，文獻顯示老年男性對於這些職能活動的參與動機遠低於女性。儘管老年男性在社區據點之外仍偏好某些社會參與職能，目前對該現象的了解仍十分有限。因此，本研究的旨在探索臺灣老年男性偏好的社會參與職能。
本質性研究以職能觀點（Occupational Perspective）做為理論架構指引資料蒐集與分析。本研究於2023 年1 月至7 月期間共招募13 名受訪者。透過輔以臺灣版有意義活動量表的半結構式訪談及參與式觀察等媒介蒐集資料。研究者將每次的資料蒐集音檔轉錄為逐字稿並整理田野筆記，並以主題分析法分析。最後，根據形式、功能和意義的理論架構，探索不同職能面向之間的互動關係。
本研究共提出三項老年男性參與經驗之主題：「職能意義：退休生活是危機也是轉機」、「職能功能與形式：成為健康、活躍且有成就的男人」及「老年男性眼中的社區據點：吸力與推力」。老年男性因老年歧視與陽剛氣質的衝突而擔憂退化，並透過社會參與職能達到促進健康、與朋友相聚及獲得成就感的功能。老年男性選擇之職能形式包含體能活動、社交活動、「志同道合」與老朋友、飲料以及男性專屬的語言等，與其欲達成的職能功能緊密鑲嵌。社區據點女多男少的現況反映歷史與社會脈絡下不同性別角色的期待與差異，而可促進男性參與社區據點活動的策略則包括運用既有社交網絡、針對興趣進行調查並設計活動以及營造男性友善環境。
本研究藉由職能觀點剖析老年男性社會參與職能，並進一步了解其職能形式、功能與意義。研究結果有助於社區據點內的臨床從業人員反思老年男性獨特的處境，提供更符合男性需求的據點活動。對於政策，則可以進一步反思除了據點之內，亦要考慮如何支持老年男性據點外活躍的生活型態，以達到活躍老化的終極目標。

The social participation offered by community centers in Taiwan is crucial to improving older adults’ health. Nevertheless, older Taiwanese men tend not to attend activities in community centers, and their preferred social activities and perspectives on community centers remain poorly understood. This study explored the lived experiences of older Taiwanese men’s social participation.
This qualitative study employed an occupational perspective as the theoretical framework guiding data collection and analysis. In this framework, occupation consists of form, function, and meaning. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.
Thirteen participants took part in 15 interviews and 5 participant observations, and three themes were identified. The first theme was “Occupational meaning—retirement as a crisis and an opportunity.” Some participants feared that the loss of a structured lifestyle after retirement would lead to declining health, whereas others viewed retirement as a chance to pursue their preferred lifestyle. The second theme was “occupational form and function—living as a healthy, active, and accomplished man.” Older men often engage in social participation to promote their health, socialize with friends, and feel a sense of accomplishment. The participants’ experiences emphasized the importance of a “male-exclusive environment.” The third theme was “Older men’s perspectives on community centers—attractions and barriers.” Many participants considered community center activities unappealing, although some recognized their benefits for improving health and learning. Strategies to increase older men’s motivation include providing activities aligned with their interests and emphasizing male-oriented features.

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