依照內政部警政署刑案統計發現，國內竊盜案中建築竊盜的比率持續升高，為了提高國民的居住環境安全，確保國民能夠在其居住地區安居樂業，提升全國治安，本研究選定住宅作為研究目標，首先透過國內相關法規對於建築安全維護設計的相關規定，得知國內對於建築物安全維護設計僅針對特定空間裝設安全維護裝置及檢討地面照度，對於實際上整個空間的平均照度是否足夠，不至於讓空間某處特別陰暗導致成為治安弱點無法得知，以及在規劃設計上的相關建議略顯不足，如何透過環境設計規劃事先預防犯罪的發生，是本研究的主要課題。
透過日常生活理論、理性選擇理論得知，犯罪者的行為是具理性且可預測的，而利用環境設計預防犯罪理論透過對物理環境上的規劃設計、增加自然監控、強化標的物、接近控制、確保領域性、建立社區的正面形象均有助於降低犯罪機會，保障居民的安全。
本研究依據以上理論、參考學習日本環境預防犯罪手法、與警政人員的訪談、高雄、台南市區實地調查，最後整理分析國內住宅常見弱點空間特徵，並提出問題及改善建議，最後統整出以下:
1. 一般住宅安全審查評估表
2. 集合住宅安全審查評估表
3. 安全防盜建材整理與應用
以本研究成果作為規劃設計者考慮安全設計時的準則，並期待未來能夠作為建築物預防犯罪安全設計手冊及相關法規的準則。建立防盜安全建材及設備認證的標準。

SUMMARY

In this research, we investigate the methodology of designing crime prevention security resident. We analysed the cause of offense occurring in the light of criminal psychology and CPTED (crime prevention through environment design) as well as generalized more insight on the main problems of residential burglary in Taiwan via reviewing the domestic laws and regulations and visiting the police officers. As reference, the methodologies of designing security environment adopted in Japan and other regions are also studied. Moreover, fieldwork in Tainan and Kaohsiung is done and the potential problems and recommendations are provided. Finally, we propose a unified planning principle for housing design, collective housing design, and the applying of anti-theft building materials. We believe the proposed planning principle could effectively facilitate the security design and building material selection for planners, designers and consumers.

Key words: crime prevention through environment design、anti-theft、anti-theft building materials、residential burglary

INTRODUCTION

According to the study made by National Police Agency, although the number of burglaries in Taiwan has a yearly decreasing trend, the ratio of in-building is keep increasing. This observation reveals the neglect of crime prevention building design in our country, which leads to a weakness of crime prevention.

In this research, we investigate the cause and improvement recommendation of the high risk space of crime prevention. We propose the following approaches to reduce the probability of crime:

1. Natural surveillance.
2. Territorial Reinforcement.
3. Physical security.
4. Access control.
5. Establishing good community image.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We prevent the crime via the design of environment planning based on the theoretic background of CPTED. We reduce the motivation of offense by increasing the difficulty of invasion and the psychological stress of potential criminals by adopting the following approaches:

1. Natural surveillance.
Natural surveillance limits the opportunity for crime by taking steps to increase the perception that people can be seen.
2. Territorial Reinforcement.
Territorial reinforcement promotes social control through increased definition of space and improved proprietary concern.
3. Physical security.
Maintenance is an expression of ownership of property.
4. Access control.
Access control limits the opportunity for crime by taking steps to clearly differentiate between public space and private space.
5. Establishing good community image.
Having a positive image in the community shows a sense of pride and self-worth that no one can take away from the owner of the property.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

According to the information obtained through interviews of police officers, besides the doors, windows, and balconies, the transoms and preserved holes for air condition are also the high risk area of theft invasion in Taiwan. Additionally, new housings are also a frequent target of theft, due to the facts that there are often high-valued furniture and objects in new housings as well as the lack of natural surveillance since there are relatively few residents in new communities and the strangers are more difficult to be distinguished. Consequently, for the purpose of anti-theft, the building design with advance theft prevention before the migrating of residents is important.

On the other hand, from the related literatures, we also observed that crime-prevention is highly emphasized in Japan. The planning and design for crime-prevention in Japan include utilizing of land, planning of public space, and the related working items of administration. Moreover, they also establish CP (Crime Prevention) mark as the reference of the selection and purchase of the anti-theft building materials.

Based on the information collection and study from interviewing the police officers, surveying related literatures of Japan, and fieldwork in Tainan and Kaohsiung, we propose a unified planning principle for housing design, collective housing design, and the applying of anti-theft building materials.

Based on the proposed planning principle, we also propose the form of security review assessment for evaluating the security level of housing or collective housing. The forms provide evaluation standards focusing on the high risk spaces of theft invasion. The evaluated items include the keeping of visual permeability, the ensuring of illumination, the control of entrance and exit, the adoption of security maintenance devices, and the robustness of lock, door, and windows. More matched evaluated items reflect a better security level. Conversely, the security level can also be further consummated by improving the evaluated items that are failed to be confirmed. Furthermore, to facilitate the effective applying of the anti-theft building materials by users, planners, and designers, we also organized a list for providing clear instructions of the usages of a variety of anti-theft building materials.

CONCLUSION

The complete crime prevention design procedure should include three parts: design and planning, further enhancement based on user use, and facility maintenance. At first, crime prevention should be regarded as a main consideration of space planning. Then, the facilities should be further adjusted or enhanced according to the modification of space and building. Finally, regular check and repairment are required to maintain the security facilities.

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