The lithium oxygen batteries have received wide attention as an enabling technology for a mass market entry of electric vehicles due to a potential capacity much higher than current Li-ion technology. Carbon has been used widely as the basis of porous cathodes for non-aqueous Li−O2 cells, produce Li2O2 as the main product that electrically insulative and would passivate the cathode, cause very high charge-discharge overpotential which will make kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) more sluggish, then compromise the capacity and cycle life. Therefore, seeking effective electrocatalyst to reduce the overpotential is crucial to enhance the performance of lithium oxygen batteries. Mixed conducting oxides have been regarded as the most promising materials due to high electrical conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity for the ORR and OER activity. BaxSr1-xCoyFe1-yO3-δ that exhibit defective structures for oxygen vacancy, excellent oxygen anion mobility and exchange kinetics make it excellent candidate as cathode electrocatalyst. Herein, perovskite BaxSr1-xCoyFe1-yO3-δ use as cathode catalyst can increase the discharge capacity from 2705 mAh/g into 5988 mAh/g at 0.1 mA/cm2 and improve cycle stability from 16 cycle to 26 cycle at 0.1 mA/cm2 with limited capacity 1000 mAh/g. (Ni,Co) Oxide added Carbon-BSCF mixture to improve electronic conductivity, increase capacity into 8420 mAh/g
Keywords : Lithium Oxygen Battery, Catalyst, Perovskite

REFERENCES

1. Lu, J., et al., Aprotic and Aqueous Li–O2 Batteries. Chemical Reviews, 2014. 114(11): p. 5611-5640.
2. Tan, P., et al., Advances and challenges in lithium-air batteries. Applied Energy, 2017. 204: p. 780-806.
3. Girishkumar, G., et al., Lithium−Air Battery: Promise and Challenges. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2010. 1(14): p. 2193-2203.
4. Tan, P., et al., Recent Advances in Perovskite Oxides as Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. , 2017. 7(1602674).
5. Laoire, C.O., et al., Elucidating the Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction for Lithium-Air Battery Applications. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009. 113(46): p. 20127-20134.
6. Suntivich, J., et al., A Perovskite Oxide Optimized for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis from Molecular Orbital Principles. Science, 2011. 334(6061): p. 1383-1385.
7. Fang, L., The Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-d for Catalytic Reduction of Oxygen. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., , 2017. 12: p. 218-229.
8. Kowalczk, I., J. Read, and M. Salomon, Li-Air batteries: A classic example of limitations owing to solubilities. Pure Appl. Chem, 2007. 79(5): p. 851–860.
9. Jung, K.-N., et al., Rechargeable lithium–air batteries: a perspective on the development of oxygen electrodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016. 4(37): p. 14050-14068.
10. Zhu, X.B., et al., A novel solid-state Li–O2 battery with an integrated electrolyte and cathode structure. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015. 8(9): p. 2782-2790.
11. Zhu, X., et al., A high-performance solid-state lithium-oxygen battery with a ceramic-carbon nanostructured electrode. Nano Energy, 2016. 26: p. 565-576.
12. Kuboki, T., et al., Lithium-air batteries using hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 2005. 146(1): p. 766-769.
13. Yang, X.-h., P. He, and Y.-y. Xia, Preparation of mesocellular carbon foam and its application for lithium/oxygen battery. Electrochemistry Communications, 2009. 11(6): p. 1127-1130.
14. Ma, Z., et al., A review of cathode materials and structures for rechargeable lithium–air batteries. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015. 8(8): p. 2144-2198.
15. Read, J., Characterization of the Lithium/Oxygen Organic Electrolyte Battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002 2002. 149(9): p. A1190-A1195.
16. Yang, X.-h. and Y.-y. Xia, The effect of oxygen pressures on the electrochemical profile of lithium/oxygen battery. J Solid State Electrochem (2010) 14: 109. , 2010. 14: p. 109.
17. Park, C.K., et al., Electrochemical Performances of Lithium-air Cell with Carbon Materials. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2010. Volume 31(Issue 11): p. pp.3221-3224.
18. Xiao, J., et al., Optimization of Air Electrode for Li/Air Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2010, 157, 2010. 157: p. A487–A492.
19. Geng, D., et al., Non-noble metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts based on carbon nanotubes with controlled nitrogen contents. Journal of Power Sources, 2011. 196(4): p. 1795-1801.
20. Crowther, O., et al., Primary Li-air cell development. Journal of Power Sources, 2011. 196(3): p. 1498-1502.
21. Lu, Y.-C., et al., Platinum−Gold Nanoparticles: A Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Lithium−Air Batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2010. 132(35): p. 12170-12171.
22. Cheng, H. and K. Scott, Carbon-supported manganese oxide nanocatalysts for rechargeable lithium–air batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2010. 195(5): p. 1370-1374.
23. Xiao, J., et al., Optimization of Air Electrode for Li/Air Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 2010. 157: p. A487–A492.
24. Zhang, S.S., D. Foster, and J. Read, Discharge characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte Li/O2 battery. Journal of Power Sources, 2010. 195(4): p. 1235-1240.
25. McCloskey, B.D., et al., Limitations in Rechargeability of Li-O2 Batteries and Possible Origins. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2012. 3(20): p. 3043-3047.
26. McCloskey, B.D., et al., Twin Problems of Interfacial Carbonate Formation in Nonaqueous Li–O2 Batteries. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2012. 3(8): p. 997-1001.
27. Ottakam Thotiyl, M.M., et al., The Carbon Electrode in Nonaqueous Li–O2 Cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013. 135(1): p. 494-500.
28. Wang, Z.-L., et al., Oxygen electrocatalysts in metal–air batteries: from aqueous to nonaqueous electrolytes. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014. 43(22): p. 7746-7786.
29. Suntivich, J., et al., Design principles for oxygen-reduction activity on perovskite oxide catalysts for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Nature Chemistry, 2011. 3: p. 546.
30. Osgood, H., et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn) oxides for oxygen reduction and evolution bifunctional catalysts in alkaline media. Nano Today, 2016. 11(5): p. 601-625.
31. He, X., F. Yin, and G. Li, A Co/metal–organic-framework bifunctional electrocatalyst: The effect of the surface cobalt oxidation state on oxygen evolution/reduction reactions in an alkaline electrolyte. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015. 40(31): p. 9713-9722.
32. Cheng, J., et al., Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 as an effective electrocatalyst for non-aqueous lithium air batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 2016. 191: p. 106-115.
33. Lyu, Z., et al., Recent advances in understanding of the mechanism and control of Li2O2 formation in aprotic Li–O2 batteries. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017. 46(19): p. 6046-6072.
34. Mahne, N., et al., Mechanism and performance of lithium–oxygen batteries – a perspective. Chemical Science, 2017. 8(10): p. 6716-6729.
35. Adams, B.D., et al., Current density dependence of peroxide formation in the Li–O2 battery and its effect on charge. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013. 6(6): p. 1772-1778.
36. Zhang, X., et al., Porous Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Mn0.2O3 Nanofibers Loaded with RuO2 Nanosheets as an Efficient and Durable Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Li–O2 Batteries. ACS Catalysis, 2017. 7(11): p. 7737-7747.
37. Black, R., et al., Screening for Superoxide Reactivity in Li-O2 Batteries: Effect on Li2O2/LiOH Crystallization. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012. 134(6): p. 2902-2905.