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研究生：	周偉傑 Chow, Wai-Kit
論文名稱：	產品創新設計的簡易生命週期評估方法之研究 The Study of the Simple Life Cycle Assessment for Product Innovative Design
指導教授：	陳家豪 Chen, Jahau Lewis
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2003
畢業學年度：	91
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	154
中文關鍵詞：	簡化生命週期評估方法、矩陣式定性生命週期評估方法、環境衝擊影響分析圖、模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估方法
外文關鍵詞：	Simple Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Impact Map, Pattern-Based Qualitative LCA Approach, Qualitative LCA using Matrix Approach
相關次數：	點閱：156 下載：5
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現今產品對環境造成的影響，可利用傳統之生命週期評估（Life Cycle Assessment, LCA）方法作出詳細之分析，所得出之結果也較精確；但其受限於進行評估時間長、成本高和產品各項資訊必須齊全之情形下，故現在都以產品完成開發後為其主要評估考量對象；而在最有效降低環境衝擊之產品創新與概念設計階段，因沒有足夠量化資訊下，無法以傳統之生命週期評估方法對其設計進行評估，因此失去了減少環境衝擊影響之大好契機。已有許多不同之簡化生命週期評估方式提出，以達成產品在概念設計階段即可配合進行生命週期評估之目的，但對於創新產品，仍沒有一套簡化評估模式能進行相關之生命週期評估工作。
本研究即針對創新產品建立兩種不同之簡化生命週期評估模式。第一種方法為矩陣式定性生命週期評估方法（Qualitative LCA using Matrix Approach），應用簡約式生命週期評估方法（Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment, SLCA），並結合矩陣評分模式，統整本文所提出之評分標準，給予創新設計工程師在產品創新設計提出後即進行環境衝擊評估分析。
另一種方法為模式為基礎定性生命週期評估方法（Pattern-Based Qualitative LCA Approach），分析已完成的各類型產品之生命週期評估結果，歸納出數種各有不同特性之產品環境衝擊影響分析圖（Environmental Impact Map），依照產品不同之特性，利用權重之方式得出定性之生命週期評估結果，可為創新設計工程師評估創新產品方案的依據，使創新設計產品能成為更具效益之綠色產品。

Recently, environmental impacts of a product can be analyzed using traditional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and the result is accurate and acceptable. But it has some limitation such as it consumes much time, higher cost, and needs comprehensive information of the product to carry out the evaluation. So far, the object being evaluated and analyzed using this method are the fully developed products. Hence, it loses its effective moment in reducing the environmental impacts of the product, which should be implemented on product innovative and conceptual design stages, due to inadequate quantitative information to carry out such analysis during those stages. Many different simplified LCA methods have carried out, so that the evaluation can be implemented on product conceptual design stage. But for innovative products, there are still no effective simplified LCA methods to do such evaluation.

This thesis develops two types of simplified life cycle assessment method for LCA evaluation of innovative product. The first method is qualitative LCA using matrix approach. This method uses a pre-defined scoring list combine with streamlined life cycle assessment and Matrix Approaches, to provide innovative design engineers an environmental impacts evaluating tool when they publish their idea of innovative product designs.

Another method is pattern-based qualitative LCA approach. This method uses the results of previous product life cycle assessment to categorize six different Environmental Impacts Maps based on different product characteristics. Furthermore, weighting method is used to obtain qualitative life cycle assessment result of product by combination of associated Environmental Impact Maps. Innovative design engineers can use these results to evaluate their new innovative products. Therefore, the innovative products can become true green products.

摘要.....................................................................i
英文摘要 ................................................................ii
誌謝 ....................................................................iv
目錄 ....................................................................v
表目錄 ..................................................................ix
圖目錄 ..................................................................xi
第一章　緒論 ............................................................1
　　1-1　前言 ...........................................................1
　　1-2　文獻回顧 .......................................................2
　　1-3　研究目的 .......................................................4
　　1-4　本文架構 .......................................................5
第二章　簡化生命週期評估方法 ............................................6
　　2-1　生命週期評估方法 ...............................................6
　　  2-1-1　目標與範疇界定 .............................................7
　　　2-1-2　生命週期盤查分析 ...........................................8
　　　2-1-3  生命週期衝擊評估 ...........................................9
      2-1-4  生命週期闡釋 ...............................................10
    2-2  各種簡化生命週期評估方法 .......................................10
      2-2-1  審查式生命週期評估方法 .....................................10
      2-2-2  簡約式生命週期評估方法 .....................................11
      2-2-3  結合審查式與簡約式之生命週期評估方法 .......................16
      2-2-4  多重審查式生命週期評估方法 .................................17
      2-2-5  矩陣式簡約生命週期評估方法 .................................19
      2-2-6  經濟投入產出理論為基礎之生命週期評估方法 ...................20
      2-2-7  人工智慧模式之簡易生命週期評估方法 .........................24
2-3  簡化生命週期評估應用於創新設計產品之討論 ...........................29
第三章  矩陣式定性生命週期評估方法 ......................................32
    3-1  矩陣式簡約生命週期評估之應用 ...................................32
    3-2  矩陣式定性的簡化生命週期評估方法 ...............................41
第四章  模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估方法 ................................61
    4-1  環境衝擊影響分析圖 .............................................61
    4-2  環境衝擊影響分析圖之應用及資料分析 .............................64
      4-2-1  電子零件數多寡對生命週期階段間之影響 .......................64
      4-2-2  同類型產品在環境衝擊影響分析圖之比較 .......................66
      4-2-3  相同產品應用不同材料之環境衝擊影響分析圖之比較..............69
      4-2-4  不同衝擊評估指標及評估方法之比較 ...........................71
      4-2-5  是定性而不是定量之代表方式 .................................74
    4-3  模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估方法 ...............................76
    4-4  模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估方法於產品創新設計之應用 ...........79
      4-4-1  範例研究－汽油電力混合汽車之環境衝擊影響分析圖..............79
第五章  實例應用 ........................................................85
    5-1  燃料電池汽車之簡易生命週期評估 .................................85
      5-1-1  燃料電池汽車之創新設計功能簡介 .............................86
      5-1-2  燃料電池汽車之設計分析 .....................................91
      5-1-3  燃料電池汽車之矩陣式定性生命週期評估 .......................92
        5-1-3-1  目標與範疇界定 .........................................92
        5-1-3-2  盤查分析及環境衝擊評估 .................................92
        5-1-3-3  燃料電池汽車之目標圖示 .................................97
      5-1-4  燃料電池汽車之模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估 .................98
      5-1-5  結論 .......................................................100
    5-2  第三代行動電話之簡易生命週期評估 ...............................101
      5-2-1  第三代行動電話之創新設計功能簡介 ...........................102
      5-2-2  第三代行動電話之設計分析 ...................................105
      5-2-3  第三代行動電話之矩陣式定性生命週期評估 .....................106
        5-2-3-1  目標與範疇界定 .........................................106
        5-2-3-2  盤查分析及環境衝擊評估  ................................106
        5-2-3-3  第三代行動電話之目標圖示 ...............................111
      5-2-4  第三代行動電話之模式為基礎的定性生命週期評估 ...............112
      5-2-5  結論 .......................................................113
第六章  結論與建議 ......................................................115
    6-1  結論 ...........................................................115
    6-2  建議 ...........................................................116
參考文獻 ................................................................118
附錄A　生命週期評估結果分析資料表 .......................................125
自述 ....................................................................154
                                    

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