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研究生： 陳囿良
Chen, You-Liang
論文名稱： 金屬有機骨架於光學感測之應用
The application of metal−organic frameworks for optical sensors
指導教授： 龔仲偉
Kung, Chung-Wei
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2024
畢業學年度： 112
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 195
中文關鍵詞： 金屬有機骨架 、後修飾 、光學感測與分析 、過氧化氫感測 、亞硝酸根離子感測 、銅離子感測
外文關鍵詞： MOF, optical sensor, post-synthetic modification, photoluminescence
相關次數： 點閱：48  下載：0 
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    • 金屬有機骨架（Metal−organic frameworks, MOFs）是由金屬節點以及有機連結器所組成的一系列具備高比表面積、結構可調性以及化學可修飾性的奈米孔洞材料。這些特性使得 MOF 相對於傳統材料可暴露出極高密度的活性位點，進而提升應用價值。然而，絕大多數 MOF 不具備水穩定性的缺點限制其在水溶液環境中的應用。使用以鋯為基底的MOF（ZrMOFs）作為材料可以解決這個問題，鋯金屬節點與有機連結器間鍵結極強的特性能夠幫助 MOF 結構在水溶液環境中穩定。因此，將 Zr-MOF 作為基材並修飾上可用於光學感測的物質以探討材料光學性質的變化為本碩論探討的主題。

    本碩論分為三個部分，第一部份的研究是為了改善三維 MOF 在水溶液中的分散問題，因此選用分散性較好的二維 MOF，ZrBTB，並進一步將具備發光性質的鑭系金屬，鋱，安裝於 ZrBTB 的金屬節點上。ZrBTB以及鋱之間的能量轉移大幅增強了鋱的發光訊號以及在水溶液中感測亞硝酸根離子的效果。在第二部分的研究中，為了解決碳量子點尺寸過大，難與 MOF 結合成複材的問題，因此選用不會有孔洞大小限制的二維 MOF，ZrBTB 作為平台以固定化碳量子點，並進一步將三種不同尺寸的碳量子點裝載於 ZrBTB 的結構上且成功的應用於水溶液中銅離子的螢光感測。在第三部分的研究中，藉由兩步法的合成方式成功將硫化鈷奈米粒子選擇性地限制於一種 Zr-MOF，MOF-808，的孔洞中，以避免大尺寸的硫化鈷奈米粒子生成於 MOF 晶體之間。之後將此材料應用於催化水溶液中過氧化氫與 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine 之間的氧化還原反應，所導致的水溶液吸收度變化可以用於定量溶液中過氧化氫的濃度。

    In this thesis, the design of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) and their applications in optical sensors would be investigated, and the content of this thesis will be divided into three parts.

    In the first part, spatially isolated terbium ions are post-synthetically installed on a twodimensional (2D) zirconium-based metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF), ZrBTB (BTB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene), and the loading of installed terbium is adjusted by tuning the synthetic temperature in the synthesis. Based on the photoluminescence tests, the energy transfer from the BTB to the installed terbium is highly tunable by adjusting the temperature for installing terbium, and the composites are successfully applied for nitrite quantification. In the second part, ZrBTB is utilized to post-synthetically immobilize graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with three different sizes. Unlike the pristine GQDs that can only show the luminescence in aqueous solution, the GQDs immobilized on ZrBTB reveal the photoluminescence in both suspension and dry powder. Chemical and photoluminescent stabilities of the ZrBTB-immobilized GQDs in water are investigated, and the use of immobilized GQDs in detecting copper ions is demonstrated. In the third part, nanoparticles of cobalt sulphide solely confined within the nanopores of a Zr-MOF, MOF-808, are synthesized by a two-step approach, with the first step being installing cobalt ions within MOF-808 and the second step being sulphurisation. As a demonstration, the nanocomposite is used as a catalyst for the redox reaction between 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2 in aqueous solutions, which can be utilized in the colorimetric quantification of H2O2.

    中文摘要 I Extend Abstract III 誌謝 XIII 目錄 XV 表目錄 XXIII 圖目錄 XXIV 第一章 緒論 1 1-1光學感測介紹 1 1-1-1光致發光原理與相關現象 1 1-1-2光致發光感測 7 1-1-3比色法原理及感測 12 1-2 金屬有機骨架 15 1-2-1金屬有機骨架簡介 15 1-2-2發光金屬有機骨架 16 1-2-3具催化活性的金屬有機骨架 18 1-2-4 水穩定金屬有機骨架 19 第二章 後修飾鋱離子之二維金屬有機骨架於光感測亞硝酸根離子之應用 21 2-1主題背景介紹 21 2-1-1鑭系金屬有機骨架 21 2-1-2後修飾鋯基金屬有機骨架 23 2-1-3二維鋯基金屬有機骨架 25 2-1-4光感測亞硝酸根離子 27 2-1-5研究動機 29 2-2藥品與儀器 30 2-2-1實驗藥品 30 2-2-2實驗儀器 33 2-3實驗流程 34 2-3-1合成二維金屬有機骨架ZrBTB 34 2-3-2合成Tb-ZrBTB 35 2-3-3光致發光實驗 36 2-3-4亞硝酸根離子感測 36 2-3-5選擇性測試 37 2-3-6核磁共振實驗樣品製備 37 2-3-7感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜樣品製備 37 2-4材料鑑定結果分析 38 2-4-1核磁共振（Nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR）光譜分析 38 2-4-2粉末X射線繞射圖譜（Powder X-ray diffraction patterns, XRD patterns） 40 2-4-3能量色散X射線光譜（Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS 42 2-4-4穿透式電子顯微鏡圖（Transmission electron microscopic images, TEM images） 43 2-4-5感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜（Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES）分析 46 2-4-6傅立葉轉換紅外光譜（Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR） 47 2-4-7氮氣吸脫附曲線及孔徑分布圖（Nitrogen adsorption- desorption isotherms and density Functional Theory (DFT) pore size distribution） 48 2-4-8 X射線光電子光譜（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS） 51 2-4-9 鋱金屬離子與鋯金屬離子間取代反應的計算 52 2-5材料發光性質測量以及亞硝酸鹽感測 54 2-5-1光致發光測試 54 2-5-2穩定度測試 57 2-5-3亞硝酸根離子感測 59 2-5-4 干擾物測試 64 2-6 小結 65 第三章 後修飾石墨烯量子點於二維金屬有機骨架 67 3-1主題背景介紹 67 3-1-1石墨烯量子點介紹 67 3-1-2 金屬有機骨架作為GQDs的固態載體 69 3-1-3 後修飾法裝載GQDs於Zr-MOF的孔洞中 70 3-1-4 後修飾GQDs於2D Zr-MOF奈米片上 71 3-1-5 研究動機 72 3-2藥品與儀器 74 3-2-1實驗藥品 74 3-2-2實驗儀器 76 3-3 實驗流程 77 3-3-1 GQD-1、GQD-2、GQD-3的合成 77 3-3-2 ZrBTB、GQD-1-ZrBTB、GQD-2-ZrBTB以及GQD-3-ZrBTB的合成 79 3-3-3光致發光實驗 80 3-3-4 銅離子感測以及選擇性測試 80 3-3-5感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜樣品製備 81 3-4 GQDs的材料鑑定結果 82 3-4-1拉曼光譜（Raman spectra） 82 3-4-2 X射線光電子光譜（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS） 83 3-4-3 穿透式電子顯微鏡圖（Transmission electron microscopic images, TEM images） 84 3-4-4 GQDs的發光照片 86 3-5 GQD-MOF複材的材料鑑定結果 87 3-5-1粉末X射線繞射圖譜（Powder X-ray diffraction patterns, XRD patterns） 87 3-5-2 氮氣吸脫附曲線及孔徑分布圖（Nitrogen adsorption- desorption isotherms and density Functional Theory (DFT) pore size distribution） 88 3-5-3 X射線光電子光譜（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS） 90 3-5-4 傅立葉轉換紅外光譜（Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR） 91 3-5-5 感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜（Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, ICP-OES）分析 92 3-5-6穿透式電子顯微鏡圖（Transmission electron microscopic images, TEM images） 93 3-6 GQDs溶液與複材的發光光譜 98 3-6-1 GQDs溶液及ZrBTB的激發光譜 98 3-6-2 GQDs溶液以及複材的發光光譜探討及銅離子（Cu2+）感測 99 3-7 小結 104 第四章 限制硫化鈷奈米粒子於鋯基金屬有機骨架作為催化劑應用於比色法感測過氧化氫 106 4-1主題背景介紹 106 4-1-1 Zr-MOF應用於催化反應的相關策略 106 4-1-2金屬硫化物結合鋯基金屬有機骨架之複材 107 4-1-3催化H2O2-TMB的氧化還原反應 108 4-1-4研究動機 109 4-2藥品與儀器 110 4-2-1實驗藥品 110 4-2-2實驗儀器 112 4-3 實驗流程 113 4-3-1 MOF-808、Co-MOF-808以及CoS-MOF-808的合成 113 4-3-2 H2O2-TMB系統催化實驗 114 4-3-3 Turnover number（TON）實驗 114 4-3-4 H2O2感測 115 4-3-5 感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜樣品製備 115 4-4 材料鑑定結果與分析 116 4-4-1粉末X射線繞射圖譜（Powder X ray diffraction patterns, XRD patterns） 116 4-4-2掃描式電子顯微鏡圖（Scanning Electron Microscopic images, SEM images） 117 4-4-3能量色散X射線光譜（Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS） 118 4-4-4感應耦合電漿光學發射/質譜光譜（Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical / Mass Spectrometry, ICP-OES/MS）分析 119 4-4-5傅立葉轉換紅外光譜（Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR） 120 4-4-6氮氣吸脫附曲線與孔徑分布圖（Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm and density Functional Theory（DFT）pore size distribution） 121 4-4-7 X射線光電子光譜（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS） 123 4-4-8穿透式電子顯微鏡圖（Transmission Electron Microscopic images, TEM images） 124 4-5 CoS-MOF-808應用於TMB/H2O2催化反應以及H2O2感測 128 4-5-1 CoS-MOF-808催化TMB/H2O2反應的定性結果 128 4-5-2 CoS-MOF-808的TON計算 131 4-5-3 CoS-MOF-808的H2O2感測 133 4-6 小結 134 第五章 未來展望及建議 136 參考文獻 138 附錄：個人簡歷表 158

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