生活品質是罹病率與死亡率的重要預測因子，也是重要公共衛生指標之一，在現今高齡化社會，高齡者的生活品質雖愈來愈受到重視，但是關於機構高齡者生活品質的研究仍不多見。本研究目的在探討主觀及客觀健康狀態對居住於榮民之家（榮家）高齡住民生活品質的影響。
本研究的對象為台灣南部佳里、台南、岡山與屏東榮家安養堂65歲以上住民，抽樣方式採集束抽樣，各榮家抽取率皆為50%。使用結構式問卷進行一對一訪談，問卷中客觀健康狀態包括：慢性病罹病狀態、日常生活自理能力（ADL, Barthel index）、工具性日常生活活動能力（IADL）、認知功能（MMSE）、憂鬱狀態（GDS-15），主觀生理及心理健康（SF-36 PCS及MCS）與社會健康狀態（中文修正版ISSB），並且以台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷（WHOQOL-BREF）評估住民生活品質。共收得有效問卷260份，完訪率74%，取得資料使用SPSS 15.0版進行統計分析。260位個案全部為男性，平均年齡82.91±4.74歲，250人（96.2%）罹患慢性病，平均罹患3.43±1.91個慢性疾病，其中64.4%罹患關節炎，54.0%罹患高血壓，35.6%罹患攝護腺肥大，33.6%罹患心臟病；ADL得分97.73±5.03（75-100）；IADL得分16.88±2.11（9-19）；GDS-15得分2.87±2.64（0-13）；MMSE得分25.82±2.92（19-30）；SF-36 PCS分數 44.73±10.61(15.57-64.34)，MCS分數56.12±9.32(22.05-75.08)，皆略高於美國65歲以上男性常模的50百分位；社會健康中，住民來自子女、親戚、朋友、社會與醫護相關工作人員支持得分都為低度支持，但滿意度得分卻為高滿意度。各範疇生活品質得分情形為：生理13.98±2.16（8-20），心理13.10±2.40（6.67-20），社會關係13.30±2.28（6.67-20），環境14.36±1.71（9.33-19.11），生理、心理與社會關係範疇得分僅接近台灣男性常模的25百分位，環境範疇得分接近台灣男性常模的75百分位。進一步逐步迴歸分析發現如下：在客觀健康狀態方面，GDS-15分數、IADL分數、罹患關節炎和心臟病為生理範疇生活品質影響因子 （p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.405）；GDS-15分數、IADL分數與罹患心臟病為心理範疇生活品質影響因子（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.352）；GDS-15分數、IADL分數與罹患癌症同時為社會關係（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.197）與環境範疇生活品質（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.180）影響因子；在主觀健康狀態方面，SF-36 PCS與MCS為生理範疇生活品質影響因子 （p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.47）；SF-36 PCS、MCS與朋友支持為心理範疇生活品質影響因子（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.40）；SF-36 MCS與朋友支持同時為社會關係（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.25）與環境範疇生活品質（p <0.001; adjusted R2=0.25）影響因子。

Due to prolonging life expectancy among older people, quality of life (QOL) of this group draw significant attention. This study is interested in exploring the salient factors that affect the QOL of those living in the veterans homes (VH) in Southern Taiwan.
We examined the residents of the four VH in Southern Taiwan by the WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version and recorded their sociodemographic characteristics, chronic cormobidities, ADL, IADL, subjective health (SF-36), mental and social health status. We analyzed the data by using the fifteenth version of the Statistic Package for the Social Science.
There were a total of 260 male subjects recruited in this study with an average age of 82.9±4.7 and 3.4±1.9 comorbidities. The average scores of ADL and IADL were 97.73±5.03 and 16.88±2.11, accordingly. The scores of PCS and MCS in SF-36 were 44.7±10.6 and 56.1±9.3, respectively. These residents received low social support from their children, relatives, friends, social-related staff and also medical-related staff but were highly satisfied in those social supports. The scores of WHOQOL-BREF were 13.98±2.16 in physical domain, 13.10±2.40 in psychological domain, 13.30±2.28 in social relationships domain and 14.36±1.71 environment domain. We used multiple stepwise linear regression analysis to explore the predictors in four domains of WHOQOL-BREF. GDS-15 and IADL scores both are important objective health predictors in four domains of QOL and SF-36 MCS is a key subjective health predictor in four domains of QOL. Among social health, friends' support is the most salient factor to predict psychological, social relationship and environmental domains of QOL.

壹、 中文部份
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貳、 英文部份
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