本論文針對五軸工具機旋轉軸於實際切削條件下之幾何誤差辨識與補償，提出一套結合切削試件、機上量測與三次元座標量測之C軸誤差量測方法。以百德機械MF400U全工作臺旋轉型五軸工具機為實驗載具，於A軸固定條件下，針對C軸之四項位置無關幾何誤差與六項位置相關幾何誤差進行辨識、驗證與補償。
本論文設計具圓柱、槽正面、槽側面及槽底面等幾何特徵之切削試件。其中，圓柱特徵用於辨識C軸之四項安裝誤差；於不同C軸角度下加工之十二組槽特徵，則用於建立六項運動誤差特徵。工件加工完成後，先於未拆卸狀態下利用機上接觸式探針進行量測，以保留原加工座標基準；其後再以CMM進行點群掃描。CMM量測資料經基準姿態校正及角度逆旋轉後，統一轉換至0°基準槽方向，並透過點群平均位置、平面法向量及母線斜率萃取各項誤差特徵。
實驗結果顯示，本論文以切削試件辨識所得之C軸安裝誤差與三球量測結果具有相同誤差方向及相近數值量級。進一步將辨識所得之安裝誤差輸入HEIDENHAIN控制器進行旋轉中心補償後，四項安裝誤差之平均改善率為27.75%。此外，將六項位置相關幾何誤差建立為Option 52補償表並輸入控制器後，各誤差曲線之變化幅度均呈現下降趨勢，顯示所建立之量測與補償流程可改善 C 軸於不同旋轉角度下之幾何精度。
綜合而言，本論文完成一套以切削試件為量測載體，整合機上量測、CMM點群量測、幾何特徵擬合與控制器補償之C軸幾何誤差辨識流程。此方法可作為五軸工具機旋轉軸精度診斷、控制器補償及後續雙旋轉軸誤差辨識之參考。

This study proposes a geometric error identification and compensation method for the rotary axis of a five-axis machine tool under actual cutting conditions, integrating a machined workpiece with on-machine measurement (OMM) and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement. Using a Quaser MF400U five-axis machine tool with the A-axis fixed, four position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs: XOC, YOC, AOC, BOC) and six position-dependent geometric errors (PDGEs:EXC, EYC, EZC, EAC, EBC, ECC) of the C-axis were identified, verified, and compensated.
A workpiece containing a cylinder and twelve radial slots spaced every 30° was designed. The cylinder was used to identify the four installation errors, while the slots machined at different C-axis angles established the six motion-error characteristics. After machining, the workpiece was first measured by an on-machine touch probe without unclamping, preserving the original machining datum, and then scanned by a CMM. The CMM point clouds were aligned to the 0° reference slot through datum-attitude correction and angular back-rotation; error features were extracted from point-cloud mean positions, plane normal vectors, and generatrix slopes.
The installation errors identified from the machined workpiece showed directions and magnitudes consistent with three-ball measurement. After rotary-center compensation through the Heidenhain controller, the four installation errors improved by 27.75% on average. After applying an Option 52 table for the six PDGEs, the variation of each error curve decreased. The proposed cutting-based OMM/CMM workflow offers a reference for rotary-axis accuracy diagnosis and dual-rotary-axis error identification.

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