本研究希望瞭解外部搜尋對創新績效之影響，除了將外部搜尋細分為外部搜尋廣度深度兩個面向之外，也將創新績效劃分為漸進式以及突破式創新績效，並希望進一步探討吸收能力及科技多角化以是否能分別調節外部搜尋對創新績效之影響。
本研究是以美國上市上櫃之半導體產業為主要研究對象，並以Compustat財務分析軟體登錄之半導體廠商為樣本。本研究共蒐集186間廠商所有專利資料，扣除資料遺漏值之廠商剩餘52間廠商，記錄各間廠商五年之數據，共計260個樣本。本研究主要使用負二項迴歸進行假說之驗證，經實證分析結果如下：
（一）適度的外部搜尋廣度能夠獲得較佳的創新績效。
（二）適度的外部搜尋深度能夠獲取較佳的創新績效。
（三）吸收能力對於外部搜尋廣度與突破式創新績效間之倒U型關係，具有正向調節效果。
本研究主要貢獻如下。首先，本研究是首篇探討外部搜尋廣度與深度分別對漸進式及突破試創新倒U型關係之實證研究。其次，本研究是少數去探討吸收能力，科技多角化以對外部搜尋與創新績效間調節關係之實證文章，結果顯示吸收能力對於外部搜尋廣度與突破式創新績效間確實具有正向調節效果。總結以上，本研究結果提供學術及實務界對於這些變數間之關係有更深入的瞭解。

This research is designed to better understand how external search influences innovation performance. Moreover, we also try to examine the moderating effects of absorptive capability and technological diversification.
Our research empirically investigates 52 American semiconductor firms covering period from 1999 to 2003, the total samples were 260. And our sample data were collected from The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. After collecting panel data from the semiconductor companies, we use negative binominal regression to examine the research hypotheses.
The results of this study showed that there are inverse-U shaped relationships between external search breadth, incremental and radical innovation performance. Secondly, there are inverse-U shaped relationships between external search depth, incremental and radical innovation performance. Finally, absorptive capacity has a positively impact on inverse-U shaped relationship between external search breadth and radical innovation performance.
The most important contribution of this research is that it is the first empirical research to distinctively measure the effect of external search on incremental and radical innovation performance. Besides, this study is also the first empirical study to integrate the moderating role of absorptive capability and technological diversification. These findings may contribute to the academic research and practical implications.

參考文獻
Aaker, D. A.(2001) Developing business strategies (6thed.) New York:Wiley
Alonso-Borrego, C., & Forcadell, F. J. (2010). Related diversification and R&D intensity dynamics. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2010.02.015]. Research Policy, 39(4), 537-548.
Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. L. (1990). Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A Cyclical Model of Technological Change. [Article]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(4), 604-633.
Arora, A. (1997). Patents, licensing, and market structure in the chemical industry. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00014-0]. Research Policy, 26(4-5), 391-403.
Bayus, B. L., Erickson, G., & Jacobson, R. (2003). The Financial Rewards of New Product Introductions in the Personal Computer Industry. [Article]. Management Science, 49 (2), 197-210.
Binyu, Z. (2009). Resource Acquisition and Absorption Capacity and Technology Innovation Performance of Cluster Enterprises. [Article]. Science＆Technology Progress and Policy , 26(10).
Breschi, S., Lissoni, F., & Malerba, F. (2003). Knowledge-relatedness in firm technological diversification. [Article]. Research Policy, 32, 69–87.
Calantone, R. J., di Benedetto, C. A., & Bhoovaraghavan, S. (1994). Examining the Relationship between Degree of Innovation and New Product Success. [Article]. Journal of Business Research, 30(2), 143-148.
Carnegie, R. & Butlin, M. (1993). Managing the Innovative Enterprise: Australian Companies Competing against the Worlds Best, Business Council of Australia, Melbourne.
Chaney, P. K., Devinney, T. M., & Winer, R. S. (1991). The Impact of New Product Introductions on the Market Value of Firms. [Article]. Journal of Business, 64 (4), 573–610.
Christensen, C. M., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (1995). Explaining the attacker's advantage: Technological paradigms, organizational dynamics, and the value network. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/0048-7333(93)00764-K]. Research Policy, 24(2), 233-257.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. [Article]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152.
Cooper, A. C., & Schendel, D. (1976). Strategic Response to Technological Threats. [Article]. Business Horizons, 19, 61-69.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1986). An Investigation into the New Product Process: Steps, Deficiencies, and Impact. [Article]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 3(2), 71-85.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1995). New Product Performance: Keys to Success, Profitability & Cycle Time Reduction. [Article]. Journal of Marketing Management, 11(4), 315-337.
Daghfous, A. (2004). Absorptive capacity and the implementation of knowledgeintensive best practices. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 69(2), 21−27.
Damanpour, F (1996), Organizational complexity and innovation: developing and testing multiple contingency models. [Article]. Management Science, 42 (5), 693-716.
Eddy, A. R., & George, B. S. (1980). New Product Announcements and Stock Prices. [Article]. Decision Sciences, 11 (1),90–97.
Escribano, A., Fosfuri, A., & Tribó, J. A. (2009). Managing external knowledge flows: The moderating role of absorptive capacity. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.022]. Research Policy, 38(1), 96-105.
Frenz, M., & Ietto-Gillies, G. (2009). The inpact on innovation performance of different of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey. [Article]. Research Policy, 38, 1125-1135.
Gloet, M., & Terziovski, M. (2004). Exploring the relationship between knowledge management practices and innovation performance. [Article].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 15(5) 402-409
Gambardella, A., Torrisi, S. (1998). Does technological convergence imply convergence in markets? Evidence from the electronics industry. [Article]. Research Policy, 27, 445–463.
Granstrand, O. (1998). Towards a theory of the technology-based firm. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00067-5]. Research Policy, 27(5), 465-489.
Gemba, K., & Kodama, F. (2001). Diversification dynamics of the Japanese industry. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00140-2]. Research Policy, 30(8), 1165-1184.
Griffin, A. (1997). The Effect of Project and Process Characteristics on Product Development Cycle Time. [Article]. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 34(1), 24-35.
Han, J. K., Kim, N., & Srivastava, R. K. (1998). Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link? [Article]. Journal of Marketing, 62(4), 30-45.
Hill, C.W.L., & Hoskisson, R.E. (1987). Strategy and structure in the multiproduct firm. [Article]. Academy of Management Review, 12, 331–341.
Huang, E. Y., Lin, S. C. (2006). How R&D management practice affects innovation performance An investigation of the high-tech industry in Taiwan. [Article]. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(7), 966-996.
Johannessen, J.-A., Olaisen, J., & Olsen, B. (2001). Mismanagement of tacit knowledge: the importance of tacit knowledge, the danger of information technology, and what to do about it. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0268-4012(00)00047-5]. International Journal of Information Management, 21(1), 3-20.
Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B. & Lumpkin, G.T. ( 2001). Innovation as newness: What is new, how new, and new to whom. [Article].European Journal of Innovation Management, 4( 1), 20-31.
John, G., Weiss, A. M., & Dutta, S. (1999). Marketing in Technology-Intensive Markets: Toward a Conceptual Framework. The Journal of Marketing, 63(ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Fundamental Issues and Directions for Marketing / Full publication date: 1999 / Copyright © 1999 American Marketing Association), 78-91.
Kang, K. H., & Kang, J. (2009). HOW DO FIRMS SOURCE EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE FOR INNOVATION? ANALYSING EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE SOURCING METHODS. [Article]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 13(1), 1-17.
Katila, R., & Ahuja, G. (2002). SOMETHING OLD, SOMETHING NEW: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SEARCH BEHAVIOR AND NEW PRODUCT INTRODUCTION. [Article]. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194.
Koberg, C. S., Uhlenbruck, N., & Sarason, Y. (1996). FACILITATORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION: THE ROLE OF LIFE-CYCLE STAGE. [Article]. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(2), 133.
Lall, S. (1992). Technological capabilities and industrialization. [Article].World Development, 20( 2), 165-86.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms. [Article]. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131-150.
LeBlanc, L.J., Nash, R., Gallagher, D., Gonda, K. & Kakizaki, F. (1997) A comparison of US and Japanese technology management and innovation. International Journal of Technology Management, 13, 601–614.
Liu, X., & White, R. S. (1997). The relative contributions of foreign technology and domesticinputs to innovation in Chinese manufacturing industries. [Article].Technovation, 17(3), 119-25.
Livingstone, L., Palich, I., & Carini, G. (1998). Viewing strategic innovation through the logic of contradiction. Competitiveness Review. 8( 1), 46-54.
MacPherson, A. D. (1997). The role of external technical support in the innovation performance of scientific instruments firms: empirical evidence from New York state. [Article]. Technovation, 17(3), 141-51.
Mole, V, Elliot, D (1987), Enterprising Innovation: An Alternative Approach, Frances Pinter, London.
Napolitano, G. (1991) Industrial research and sources of innovation: a cross-industry analysis of Italian manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 20, 171–178.
Narver, J. C., & Slater, S. F. (1990). The effect of a market orientation on business profitability. [Article]. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 20-35.
Palmberg, C., Martikainen, O. (2005). The GSM standard and Nokia as an incubating entrant. [Article]. Policy & Practice, 7(1).
Pauwels, Koen, Jorge Silva-Risso, Shuba Srinivasan, and Dominique M. Hanssens (2004), “New Products, Sales Promotions, and Firm Value: The Case of the Automobile Industry,” Journal of Marketing, 68 (October), 142–56.
Ramanujam, V. & Varadarajan, P. (1989) .Research on corporate diversification: a synthesis. [Article]. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 523-551.
Prajogo, D. I., & Ahmed, P. K. (2006). Relationships between innovation stimulus, innovation capacity, and innovation performance. [Article].R & D Management, 36(5), 499−515.
Rigby, D., & Zook, C. (2002). Open-market innovation, Harvard Business Review, 80(10), 80–89.
Roberts, P. W., & Amit, R. (2003). The Dynamics of Innovative Activity and Competitive Advantage: The Case of Australian Retail Banking,1981 to 1995. [Article]. Organization Science, 14(2), 107-122.
Romijn, H., & Albaladejo, M. (2002). Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England. [Article]. Research Policy, 31(7), 1053-67.
Rumelt, R., (1982). Diversification strategy and profitability. [Article]. Strategic Management Journal, 3 (4), 359–369.
Shyu, J. Z., & Chiu, Y. (2002). Innovation policy for developing Taiwan’s competitive advantages. [Article]. R&D Management, 32(4), 69-74.
Silverman, B.S. (1999). Technological resources and the direction of corporate diversification: toward an integration of the resource-based view and transaction cost economics. [Article].Management Science , 45, 1109–1124.
Singh, H., Montgomery, C., 1987. Corporate acquisition strategies and economic performance. [Article].Strategic Management Journal , 8 (4), 377–386.
Sorescu, A. B., Rajesh K. Chandy, and Jaideep C. Prabhu (2003), “Sources and Financial Consequences of Radical Innovation: Insights from Pharmaceuticals,” Journal of Marketing, 67 (October), 82–101.
Sorescu, A. B., & Spanjol, J. (2008) Innovation’s Effect on Firm Value and Risk: Insights from Consumer Packaged Goods. [Article]Journal of Marketing. 72, 114-132.
Srinivasan, S., Pauwels, K., Silva-Risso, J. & Hanssens, D. M. (2006). Product Innovations, Advertising Spending and Stock Returns, [Article]. Marketing Science Institute Report, 6, 110.
Suzuki, J., & Kodama, F. (2004). Technological diversity of persistent innovators in Japan: Two case studies of large Japanese firms. [Article]. Research Policy, 33(3), 531.
Szanonyi, R. (1994). Measuring R&D effectiveness I. [Article]. Research Technology Management, 27-32.
Teece, D., Dosi, G., Rumelt, R., & Winter, S. (1994). Understanding corporate coherence. [Article]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 23, 1–30.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (1997). Managing innovation. John Wiley & Sons.

Tsai, K. H., & Wang, J. C. (2009). External technology sourcing and innovation performance in LMT sectors: An analysis based on the Taiwanese Technological Innovation Survey. [Article]. Research Policy, 38, 518–526.
Tripas, M. (1997). UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION: COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND INCUMBENT SURVIVAL IN THE TYPESETTER INDUSTRY. [Article]. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 119–142.
Wadhwa, S., Bhoon, K.S., & Chan, F.T.S. (2006). Postponement strategies through business process redesign in automotive manufacturing: knowledge innovation. [Article]. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(3), 307-26.
Williams, A. (1999), Creativity, Invention and Innovation, Allen & Unwin, Sydney. Wolter, C., Veloso, F., Steinemann, P. (2003). Technological diversification and economic performance: a within-industry perspective. [Article]. Working Paper.
Zhang, Q., Lim, J.S. & Cao, M. (2004). Innovation-driven learning in new product development: a conceptual model. [Article]. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(3), 252-61.
Zien, K. A., & Buckler, S. A. (1997). Dreams to Market: Crafting a Culture of Innovation. [Article]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 14(4), 274-287.