面對產品生命週期持續的被壓縮，企業為保持市場佔有率與本身的競爭優勢，不斷進行研發以推出新產品是必然的趨勢。新產品開發是一個具有高度互動性的流程，當流程包含了跨公司的組織或企業時，因企業目標、文化、管理方式與相依性的不同，產品開發的複雜度及挑戰也隨著增加，因此產品開發流程往往需要透過協同的方式來進行。
本研究藉由軟性系統動態學所提出的思考方向、解決問題的工具與邏輯建構出一套幫助企業導入協同設計機制的方法論，所提出的模式中整合了品質機能展開、UML與估計產品開發所需時間的演算法，冀望在維持各企業策略需求的彈性下，能透過階段式標準化的流程快速進行供應鏈體系間新產品開發專案的分析、塑模、評估與改善。
為了驗證模式的可行性與實用性，本研究以一全球化的主機板代工廠為個案公司，透過模式中定義的階段瞭解現行新產品開發專案所遭遇到的困境，整合顧客與供應廠商的企業需求以找出可能的行動方案，包括提升企業與供應鏈體系的研發能力、減少設計變更次數與新產品開發所需時間，經過專案團隊的討論與分析後，於新產品開發流程提出三個改善的方向，分別是建立早期協同設計之環境、整合供應商共同進行產品缺陷分析與設計變更和建置PLM系統。在經過流程再造後，可將原有產品開發所需時間由120天縮短至90天，並達到96%的企業策略需求。

An enterprise needs to commit to the product development in order to sustain its competitive advantage when the product life cycle is shortened sharply nowadays. New product development is a highly interactive process and is very challenging when the design activities involve a network of organizations with different goals, capabilities and dependencies. Companies therefore have to apply the collaborative product development strategy carefully, giving its potential to enhance the competency of a design chain.
In this thesis, a methodology has been developed to support companies to implement the collaborative design (CD) process by referring to the soft system dynamics methodology. It is proposed that the methodology should integrate with the quality function deployment, unified modeling language, and an algorithm to estimate the cycle time of the product development process during the application to the CD discipline. As shown in the thesis, the methodology can analyze, model, evaluate and improve the new product development project of a design chain effectively through a systematic yet flexible serious of stages.
To verify the feasibility of the methodology in the application to the CD domain, a case company is used to illustrate the process. Through the implementation of the stages discussed in the revised methodology, the project team had successfully reduced the development cycle time from an average 120 days to 90 days by building an early collaborative design environment, integrating suppliers in the development process, and implementing PLM (product lifecycle management) system. Overall, the proposed methodology is rather useful in supporting the case company to apply the CD strategy and can be extended to other companies for further empirical study.

1. Amandeep, Ruhe, G. and Stanford, M., 2004, “Intelligent support for software release planning,” Product Focused Software Process Improvement Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3009, 248-262.
2. Belhe, U. and Kusiak, A., 1996, “Modeling relationships among design activities,” Journal of Mechanical Design, 118, 4, 454-460.
3. Bustard, D. W., He, Z. and Wilkie, F. G., 2000, "Linking soft systems and use-case modelling through scenarios," Interacting with Computers, 13, 97-110.
4. Buyukozkan, G. and Feyzioglu, O., 2004, "A fuzzy-logic-based decision-making approach for new product development," International Journal of production economics, 90, 27-45.
5. Chan, L. K. and Wu, M. L., 2002, “Quality function deployment: a literature review,” European Journal of Operational Research, 143, 463-497.
6. Chan, S. L. and Choi, C. F., 1997, “A conceptual and analytical framework for business process reengineering,” International Journal of Production Economics, 50, 211-223.
7. Checkland, D., 1981, “Systems Thinking, Systems Practice,” London: Wilkey.
8. Cho, S. H. and Eppinger, S. D., 2005, “A simulation-based process model for managing complex design projects,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 52, 3, 336-349.
9. Chung, W. W. C., Yam, A. Y. K. and Chan, M. F. S., 2004, “Networked enterprise: a new business model for global sourcing,” International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 267-280.
10. Dowlatshahi, S., 1997, “The role of product design designer–buyer–supplier interface,” Production and Planning Control, 8, 6, 522–532.
11. Dowlatshahi, S., 1998, “Implementing early supplier Involvement: a conceptual framework,” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 18, 2, 143-167.
12. Eppinger, S. D. and Salminen, V., 2001, "Patterns of product development interactions," International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 01 Glasgow, 21-23 August.
13. Eynard, B., Gallet, T., Nowak, P. and Roucoules, L., 2004, "UML based specifications of PDM product structure and workflow," Computers in Industry, 55, 301-316.
14. Farrukh, C., Fraser, P. and Gregory, M., 2003, "Development of a structured approach to assessing practice in product development collaborations," Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers part B-journal of engineering manufacture, 217, 1131-1144.
15. Gerwin, D. and Barrowman, N. J., 2002, “An evaluation of research on integrated product development,” Management Science, 48, 7, 928-953.
16. Govers, C. P. M., 1996, “What and how about quality function deployment (QFD),” International Journal of Production Economics, 46, 575-585.
17. Govers, C. P. M., 2001, “QFD not just a tool but a way of quality management,” International Journal of Production Economics, 69, 2, 151-159.
18. Handleld, R., 1994, “Effects of concurrent engineering on make-to-order products,” IEEE Transactions in Engineering Management, 41, 4, 384–393.
19. Hartley, J. L., Meredith, J. R., McCutcheon, D. and Kamath, R. R., 1997, “Suppliers’ contributions to product development: an exploratory study,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 44, 3, 258-267.
20. Huang, G. Q., Mak, K. L. and Humphreys, P. K., 2003, ”A new model of the customer–supplier partnership in new product development,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 138, 301–305.
21. Ishino, Y. and Kijima, K., 2005, “Project management methodology for stimulating strategic communication in Japan,” Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 22, 209-221.
22. Jackson, M. C., 2001, “Critical systems thinking and practice,” European Journal of Operational Research, 128, 233-244.
23. Jin, J. W., Ni, Y. R., Xi, J. T., Fan, F.Y. and Jin Y., 2002, “Research on the application of technology-oriented rapid response manufacturing in a distributed network environment,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 129, 579-583.
24. Jun, B. H., Ahn, H. S. and Suh, H. W., 2005, “On identifying and estimating the cycle time of product development process,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 52, 3, 336-349.
25. Kim, H., Lee, S. S., Park, J. H. and Lee, J. G., 2005, "A model for a simulation-based shipbuilding system in a shipyard manufacturing process," International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 18, 6, 427-441.
26. Kumar, R. and Midha, P. S., 2001, "A QFD based methodology for evaluating a company's PDM requirements for collaborative product development," Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101, 3, 126-131.
27. Kusiak, A., Wang, J., He, D. W. and Feng, C., 1995, “A structured approach for analysis of design processes,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology, 18, 3, 664-673.
28. Krishnan, V., Eppinger, S. D. and Whitney, D. E., 1997,” A model-based framework to overlap product development activities,” Management Science, 43, 4, 437-451.
29. Lai, C. L., Lee, W. B. and Ip, W. H., 2003, “A study of system dynamics in just-in-time logistics,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 138, 265–269.
30. Lamghabbar, A., Yacout, S. and Ouali, M. S., 2004, “Concurrent optimization of the design and manufacturing stages of product development,” International Journal of Production Research, 42, 21, 4495-4512.
31. Lane, D. C. and Oliva, R., 1998, “The greater whole: towards a synthesis of system dynamics and soft systems methodology,” European Journal of Operational Research, 17, 214-235.
32. Laseter, T. M. and Ramdas, K., 2002, “Product types and supplier roles in product development: an exploratory analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 49, 2, 107-118.
33. Ledington, P. and Donaldson, J., 1997, “Soft OR and management practice: a study of the adoption and use of Soft Systems Methodology,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 48, 229-240.
34. Lee, D. L. and Chen, Y. M., 1996, “Integrated product and process data management,” Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 13, 1-4.
35. Lee, S. H., Mora, F. P. and Park, M., 2006, "Dynamic planning and control methodology for strategic and operational construction project management," Automation in Construction, 15, 84-97.
36. Lee, Y. C. and Gilleard, J. D., 2002, “Collaborative design: a process model for refurbishment,” Automation in Construction, 11, 535– 544.
37. Li, H., Fan, Y., Dunne, C. and Pedrazzoli, P., 2005, "Integration of business processes in web-based collaborative product development," International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 18, 6 , 452 - 462.
38. Loch, C. H. and Terwiesch, C., 1998, "Communication and uncertainty in concurrent engineering," Management Science, 44, 8, 1032-1048.
39. McIvor, R. and Humphreys, P., 2004, “Early supplier involvement in the design process: lessons from the electronics industry,” Omega, 32, 179-199.
40. Merlo, C. and Girard, P., 2004, "Information system modelling for engineering design co-ordination," Computer in Industry, 55, 317-334.
41. Mesihovic, S., Malmqvist, J. and Pikosz, P., 2004, “Product data management system-based support for engineering project management,” Journal of Engineering design, 15, 4, 389-403.
42. Mingers, J. and Brocklesby, J., 1997, “Multimethodology: towards a framework for mixing methodologies,” Omega, 25, 5, 489-509.
43. Noori, R. and Lee, W. B., 2004, "Collaborative design in a networked enterprise: the case of the telecommunications Industry," International Journal of Production Research, 42, 15, 3041-3054.
44. Ogunlana, S., Lim., J. and Saeed, K., 1998, “Desman: a dynamic model for managing civil engineering design projects,” Computers and Structures, 67, 401-419.
45. Petersen, J. K., Handfield, R.B. and Ragatz, G. L., 2003, “A model of supplier integration into new product development,” The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20, 284-299.
46. Presley, A., Sarkis, J. and Liles, D. H., 2000, “A soft-systems methodology approach for process innovation,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 47, 3, 379-392.
47. Rabelo, L., Helal, M., Jones, A. and Min, H., 2005, “Enterprise simulation: a hybrid system approach,” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 18, 6, 498-508.
48. Rajala, M. and Savolainen, T., 1996, “A framework for customer oriented business process modelling,” Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 9, 3, 127-135.
49. Ragatz, G. L., Handfield, R. B. and Petersen, K. J., 2002, “Benefits associated with supplier integration into new product development under conditions of Technology Uncertainty,” Journal of Business Research, 55, 389–400.
50. Ragatz, G. L., Handfield R. B. and Scannell T. V., 1997, “Success factors for integrating suppliers into new product development,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 14, 3, 190–202.
51. Reisman, A. and Oral, M., 2005, “Soft systems methodology: a context within a 50-year retrospective of OR/MS,” Interfaces, 35, 2, 164-178.
52. Rodriguez-Ulloa, R. and Paucar-Caceres, A., 2005, “Soft system dynamics methodology (SSDM): combining soft system methodology (SSM) and system dynamics (SD),” Systemic Practice and Action Research, 18, 3, 303-334.
53. Rouibah, K. and Caskey, K., 2003, “A workflow system for the management of inter-company collaborative engineering processes,” Journal of Engineering Design, 13, 341-349.
54. Sanchez, A. M. and Perez, M. P., 2003, “Cooperation and the ability to minimize the time and cost of new product development within the Spanish automotive supplier industry,” The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20, 1, 57-69.
55. Shyamsundar, N. and Gadh, R., 2002, “Internet based collaborative product design with assembly features and virtual design spaces,” Computer-Aided Design, 33, 637-651.
56. Smith, R. P. and Eppinger, S. D., 1997, “A predictive model of sequential iteration in engineering design,” Management Science, 43, 8, 1104-1120.
57. Song, X. M. and Montoya-Weiss, M. M., 1998, “Critical development activities for really new versus incremental products,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15, 2, 124-135.
58. Sterman, J. D., 2001, “System dynamics modeling: tools for learning in a complex world,” California Management Review, 43, 4, 8-25.
59. Tan, B. L., Tang, N. K. H. and Forrester, P. L., 2004, “Application of QFD for e-Business planning,” Production Planning and Control, 15, 8, 802-816.
60. Tatikonda, M. V. and Montoya-Weiss, M. M., 2001, “Integrating operations and marketing perspectives of product innovation: the influence of organizational process factors and capabilities on development performance,” Management Science, 47, 1,151-172.
61. Wang, L., Shen, W., Xie, H., Neelamkavil, J. and Pardasani, A., 2002, “Collaborative conceptual design-state of the art and future trends,” Computer-Aided Design, 34, 981-996.
62. Xu, X. and Liu, T., 2003, “A web-enabled PDM system in a collaborative design environment,” Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 19, 4, 315-328.
63. Yassine, A., Falkenburg, D. and Chelst, K., 1999, “Engineering design management: an information structure approach,” International Journal of Production Research, 37, 13, 2957-2975.
64. Yesilbas, L. G. and Lombard, M., 2004, “Towards a knowledge repository for collaborative design process: focus on conflict management,” Computers in Industry, 55, 5, 335-350.
網站部份：
1. CIMdata, http://www.cimdata.com
2. 示範性資訊應用開發計畫, http://itap.tdp.org.tw/