此研究探討以茶樹(Melaleuca alternifolia) 精油及源自植物的 烷基聚葡萄糖苷(alkyl polyglucoside, APG) 界面活性劑製備微乳液的方法，並分析製得的微乳液，以探討其性質。茶樹精油 (Tea tree oil，TTO) 因被廣泛應用於化妝品以及保健產品上，國際標準組織特別訂定ISO 4730 規範茶樹精油品質。本實驗透過水蒸餾萃取將精油從茶樹葉中提取，過程中利用非離子型界面活性劑Tween 20, Triton CG-110輔助。為了能最少化實驗次數，引入了反應曲面法的實驗設計，其中包含三個變數：茶樹原料和水的比例、萃取時間以及界面活性劑濃度。由中央合成設計(Central Composite Design, CCD)的ANOVA分析顯示，最佳的萃取效率為6.68%，其參數條件分別：Triton CG-110濃度為645.5 ppm、液固比為24.5，以及萃取時間為128分鐘。此外，透過DPPH方法於此條件下，可以得到精油最適化抗氧化活性為50.6%。在茶樹精油中主要的九種成分，利用正癸烷作為內標物，並透過GC-FID分析，結果顯示本實驗水蒸餾萃取所得的TTO以及市售的TTO，兩者皆符合國際標準ISO 4730:2017規範。在精油抑菌實驗中，水蒸餾萃取的茶樹精油擁有良好的抗菌效果。在應用方面，第一部分藉由擬三相圖的建立來探討茶樹精油(水蒸餾萃取和市售)、去離子水，以及不同種類的烷基聚葡萄糖苷界面活性劑所形成的微乳液，並透過改變混合界面活性劑之重量比例(Smix)：Triton CG-110/丙二醇 (PPG)為0.6:1, 1.8:1, 1:0、Glucopon® 600CSUP/PPG為0.55:1, 1.1:1, 1.65:1，來探討茶樹精油微乳液之相行為。實驗結果顯示，微乳液在1 wt%茶樹精油於9 wt%混合界劑溶液：Triton CG-110/PPG為1.8:1 (w/w)、Glucopon® 600CSUP/PPG為1.65:1 (w/w)的配方中，有良好的穩定性以及抑菌效果，適合應用於醫藥及香粧品領域中。本研究第二部分的應用為添加自行萃取之茶樹精油於高分子薄膜中，結果表明摻有茶樹精油和Triton CG-110之殼聚糖薄膜，除了能夠提高薄膜的親水性及抗氧化性，亦對E. coli與S. aureus展現抗菌性，並透過SEM、FTIR以及TGA等儀器分析薄膜之機械性質，期能對於傷口癒合有更好的效果。

In this study, microemulsions composed of the plant-derived alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactants, water, and the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) were attempted and characterized. Typically, tea tree oil (TTO), which is used widely in cosmetic and health care, was extracted from tea tree with the use of non-ionic surfactants, including Tween 20 and Triton CG-110, employing a hydrodistillation method. To minimize the number of required experiments, design of experiments (DoE) using response surface methodology (RSM) was employed with three variables: the ratio between material/water, the extraction time, and the concentration of the surfactant. The ANOVA analysis in the central composite design (CCD) showed that the optimal extraction yield and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay were 6.68% and 50.6%, respectively, under conditions with a Triton CG-110 concentration of 645.5 ppm, at a liquid/solid ratio of 24.5, with a 128 min extraction time. The concentration of nine main compounds in the in-house hydrodistilled TTO and commercial TTO evaluated with a GC-FID chromatogram using n-decane as the internal standard was in compliance with the ISO 4730:2017 specifications. The high antibacterial activity of the in-house TTO was the proof of quality.
The delivery of tea tree oil in microemulsion was evaluated with two different types of APG surfactants: Triton CG-110 and Glucopon® 600CSUP. The preparation of the microemulsion was aided by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, which were investigated at the different weight ratios of the surfactant mixtures, i.e., Triton CG-110/propylene glycol ratios of 0.6:1, 1.8:1, 1:0 or Glucopon® 600CSUP/propylene glycol (PPG) ratios of 0.55:1, 1.1:1, 1.65:1 with hydrodistilled and commercial TTO using a water titration method at room temperature. Specifically, the structural transition of the microemulsion was identified based on electrical conductivity and viscosity. In our study, a microemulsion consisting of 1 wt % TTO and 9% mixed surfactant of Triton CG-110/PPG (1.8:1 w/w) or of Glucopon® 600CSUP/PPG (1.65:1 w/w) at the nanoscale with superior shelf stability as well as high antimicrobial activity can be considered in the applications of cosmetics, such as acne treatment and wound dressing, or can be used as a pharmaceutical in treatment of pneumonia.
In the other phase of this study, application of tea tree oil on polymeric film was investigated via the use of two popular polymers: high molecular weight chitosan - a natural polymer (water-soluble polymer) and poly(-caprolactone) (solvent-soluble polymer). These polymeric films with different amounts of tea tree oil, e.g., 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%, were prepared using a solvent casting method at room temperature. As a result, the chitosan-based film blended TTO with the support of Triton CG-110 as the emulsifier increased the hydrophilicity of the thin film as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The PCL-based films not only exhibited biological activity but also good mechanical properties, including high elasticity. Structural properties, including morphology, molecular interaction, thermal degradation were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results demonstrating the antioxidant activity of these thin membranes and their antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated their ability to release essential oil from the film on contact with injured skin cells and suggested that it can be applied for wound healing.

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