| 研究生: |
周新喜 Chou, Hsin-His |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
工程契約「擬制變更」爭議訴訟效率之研究 A Study on Litigation Efficiency of Constructive changes under Construction Contract |
| 指導教授: |
陳耀光
Chen, Yaw-Kuang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系碩士在職專班 Department of Architecture (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2022 |
| 畢業學年度: | 110 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 136 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 契約變更 、擬制變更 、工程爭議 、訴訟效益 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | change of contract, constructive change, engineering dispute, effectiveness of litigation |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:50 下載:0 |
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營造工程於施工期間,常因設計圖說不符及施作環境差異,而有變更設計或契約變更的需求,嚴謹的契約管理,凡事涉及變更工程內容,必須主張約定程序正式契約變更,於定作人確定且同意後,承攬人才得依變更內容繼續施作,以避免日後請求工程款爭議。
工程變更情事有多種原因,或因設計圖說疏漏、矛盾及錯誤,或因基地(地質)環境與原先鑽探結果有重大差異,或因定作人需求及財務變化,以上諸等事由,承攬人均需配合調整施工作業,但由於兩造變更程序便宜行事,變更內容缺乏可佐證資料,債權義務關係不確定情況下之變更,是謂「擬制變更」。
「擬制變更」於承攬人先完成一定工作後向定作人請求增加給付工程款,如兩造依誠信原則處理自無爭議疑慮,但兩造認知有所差異,則極易造成爭議,定作人或認為變更事項屬工程慣例,或認為承攬人本應注意而未注意,或口頭指示無證據,或指示變更者無代理權,等之事由,拒絕給付,致而以訴訟解決爭議。
本文篩選18件承攬人(原告)上訴最高法院確定判決案例,其中1件撤回,15件敗訴(83%),2件勝訴(11%),由分析結果顯示,承攬人於契約變更程序與證據不完備情況下,便宜行事冒然變更施工內容,幾乎無法勝訴,取得變更之後工程款。
During the constructing period of construction works, changes of design or changes of contract is often required in response to discrepancies in design drawings and differences in the construction environment. In view of rigorous contract management, in any change in the contents of works, an official change of contract should be proposed according to the agreed procedure. The contractor may proceed with the construction according to the changed contents upon confirmation and approval of the hirer to prevent disputes on subsequent requests for payment.
Causes of engineering changes include omissions, discrepancies, and errors in design drawings, or significant differences between the base (geological) environment and the previous drilling result, or changes in the hirer’s requirements or financial situations. For the above reasons, the contractor should cooperate and adjust the construction works. To facilitate the change procedure between both parties, changes can be made without supporting data or with undefined debtor-creditor relationships. Such changes are called “constructive changes”.
In the case of constructive changes, the contractor can request the hirer for increasing the payment after certain works are completed. Disputes will not be incurred if both parties resolve in good faith. However, disputes may incur in the case of different cognitions between both parties. If the hirer rejects the request as they consider that the change is an engineering practice, or that the change is incurred due to the contractor’s failure to pay attention to matters which the contractor should have paid attention to, or that the change is instructed in oral without any evidence, or that the person who instructs the change has no power of attorney, the dispute should be resolved by litigation.
This study selected 18 litigation cases with the plaintiff being the contractor appealed to and decided by the supreme court; among them, 1 case was revoked, 15 were defeated (83%), and 2 succeeded (11%). According to the analysis result, contractors barely won the litigations and could not obtain the payment for changed works if they hastily changed the contents of construction with the incomplete procedure of change of contract and evidence.
一、書籍
1. 王伯儉,「工程糾紛與索賠實務」,元照出版社,2016年。
二、期刊論文
1. 謝定亞,仲裁季刊第85期97年5月30日。
2. 李家慶,如何處理工程現場差異情況,營建知訊,第211期,頁71-75,2000年8月。
3. 李家慶,論工程之擬制變更,營建知訊,第220期,頁67-71,2001年5月。
4. 顏玉明,工程變更(Variations)之探討-以異常地質(Different Site Conditions)為對象,律師雜誌,第282期,2003年3月。
5. 余文恭,論工程契約定作人之指示-兼論FIDIC 紅皮書之相關規定,法令月刊,第55 卷第11期,頁10-17,2004年11月。
6. 余文恭,從工程契約之動態發展論工程契約之變更-兼論FIDIC紅皮書之相關規定,法令月刊,第55 卷第12 期,頁25-34,2004年12月。
7. 顏玉明,從工程契約文件談契約價金之給付與調整,營造天下,第112期,2005年4月。
8. 謝定亞,工程契約中「重大變更」之認定原則與爭議解決,仲裁季刊,第85期,2008 年5月。
9. 孔繁琦,論工程契約之重大變更,工程仲裁,第88期,2009年6月。
三、學位論文
1. 林廷翰,擬制變更引用於我國工程民事訴訟之研究,國立高雄第一科技大 學營建工程系碩士論文,2010.6。
2. 林俊佑,工程承攬契約重大變更問題之研究,國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文,2011.7。
3. 倪子嵐,論「情事變更原則」與「擬制變更理論」之連結關係-以我國公共工程契約爭議為核心,國立臺北大學法律學系,2013.7。
4. 陳建安,擬制變更於工程爭議適用之探討,逢甲大學土木工程學系碩士論文,2015.6。
5. 周敦偉,公共工程契約變更之法律問題研究-兼論擬制變更之分析,國立成功大學法律學系碩士班碩士論文,2015.7。
6. 陳玉潔,工程契約變更之爭議問題,國立政治大學法律研究所碩士論文,2015.7。
四、網路資料
1. 司法院法學資料檢索系統,http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/Index.htm。(取於:111年5月)
2. 法源法律網:https://www.lawbank.com.tw/。(取於:111年5月)
校內:2027-08-29公開