近年來，隨著現代社會對塑膠製品的大量需求，塑膠製品的使用已經成為我們日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，這種便利性所帶來的代價便是無所不在的污染，幾乎在所有的環境介質中都探測到了塑膠微粒的存在，並且對生態系統以及相關食物鏈造成負面影響。塑膠添加劑是在塑膠製程中添加的化學物質，用於改變塑膠的性質、加工特性和使用性能。它們可以增加塑膠的柔韌性、耐熱性、耐候性、耐腐蝕性等，同時也能夠改變塑膠的顏色、透明度和抗紫外線能力。常見的塑膠添加劑有塑化劑 (Plasticizers)、抗氧化劑 (Antioxidants)、阻燃劑 (Flame retardants)與染劑 (Pigments)等等，而其中有許多物質已被證實具有內分泌干擾活性，其對於生物之危害可能更勝於塑膠微粒。
為探討由掩埋場轉型的公園土壤中內分泌干擾物質、塑膠微粒、與塑膠添加劑等微量污染物之流布，本研究利用報導基因生物試驗法檢測公園土壤之類(抗)雄激素活性、類(抗)雌激素活性、類(抗)甲狀腺激素活性及類芳香烴活性；另外，利用尼羅紅染色法搭配螢光顯微鏡與ImageJ軟體進行塑膠微粒的計數，而塑膠添加劑的檢測則是使用氣相層析串聯式質譜儀進行可疑目標篩選與鄰苯二甲酸酯類 (Phthalates, PAEs)目標物分析。
研究結果顯示，4座公園的土壤僅具有類芳香烴活性，當量濃度介於2.7 "±" 0.9 ~ 521.4 "±" 268.7 β-NF-EQ ng/g soil dw，其中以對照組的成大榕園具有最高的平均當量濃度；微粒數量介於9.9 "±" 4.9 ~ 583.0 "±" 74.36 particles/g soil dw，並以碎片狀及纖維狀為主。可疑目標分析共找到1種抗氧化劑與2種塑化劑，同時也找到1種不在篩選清單內的殺蟲劑，目標分析的6種PAEs乾季濃度介於ND ~ 852.6 ng/g soil dw，濕季濃度介於ND ~ 1758.8 ng/g soil dw，其中又以鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯 (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP)為最主要的PAEs污染物。本研究中首度於臺灣土壤樣本中測得對苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯 (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, DEHT)，其乾、濕季濃度介於ND ~ 1170.1 ng/g soil dw與ND ~ 1011.7 ng/g soil dw。由測得之PAEs濃度進行風險特徵描述後，4座公園土壤的致癌風險評估與暴露風險商數結果都顯示其對於公園使用者並無任何健康風險。
本研究同時針對濾紙上的塑膠微粒進行PAEs的萃取及分析，以確認它們是否來自塑膠微粒。在乾季時，全體樣本中均檢測到DBP和DEHP，其濃度範圍分別為1.5 ~ 55.4 μg/g particle和7.5 ~ 437.6 μg/g particle；而DEP的檢出頻率為46％，濃度範圍介於5 ~ 119.7 μg/g particle。而在濕季時，DEP、DBP和DEHP的檢出頻率分別為90%、100%和98%，其濃度範圍分別為2.6 ~ 261.8 μg/g particle、1.2 ~ 342.3 μg/g particle和2 ~ 618.8 μg/g particle。由於濾紙上塑膠微粒的PAEs濃度是土壤樣本的數十至數千倍，可以推論塑膠微粒確實是環境中PAEs的重要來源之一。

In recent years, with the increasing demand for plastic products in modern society, the use of plastics has become an integral part of our daily lives. However, the convenience offered by plastics comes at the cost of pervasive pollution. Plastic particles have been detected in almost all environmental media, posing negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated food chains.
Plastic additives are chemicals added during the plastic manufacturing process to alter the properties, processing characteristics, and performance of plastics. They can enhance flexibility, heat resistance, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, as well as change the color, transparency, and UV resistance of plastics. Common plastic additives include plasticizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, and pigments. Many of these substances have been shown to exhibit endocrine disrupting activities, which may pose a greater hazard to organisms than plastic particles.
This study aims to investigate the distribution of trace pollutants, including endocrine disrupting substances, plastic particles, and plastic additives, in soils of parks transformed from landfill sites. Yeast-based reporter gene assays were employed to detect (anti-)androgenic, (anti-)estrogenic, (anti-)thyroid hormone, and aryl hydrocarbon-like activities in park soils. Additionally, Nile red staining combined with fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software was used for plastic particle counting, while gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed for suspects target screening and phthalates (PAEs) analysis.
The results showed that aryl hydrocarbon-like activities were detected in all parks, with concentrations ranging from 2.7 to 521.4 ng β-naphthoflavone equivalent/g soil dw. Plastic particle counts ranged from 9.9 to 583.0 particles/g soil dw, primarily fragments and fibers, whereas no significant differences between landfill and campus locations. Suspect analysis identified an antioxidant (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, DTBP) and two plasticizers (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT)), with DEHP being the predominant contaminant. Risk assessment indicated no significant health risks to park users. This study also detected DEHT in Taiwan's soil environment for the first time, and the concentrations ranged from ND to 1170.1 ng/g soil dw. Finally, the risk characterization indicated no significant health risks to park users based on the carcinogenic risk assessment and exposure risk quotient results for the soils in the four parks.
In this research, we also conducted a comprehensive extraction and analysis of phthalate from microparticles present on filter paper, aiming to ascertain their source of origin. Comparing the PAEs concentrations of soil samples with those of microparticles on filter paper revealed that the PAEs concentrations in the latter were tens to thousands of times higher. This strongly suggests that microparticles are indeed significant contributors to PAEs in the environment.

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