熱逆境對植物的生理活性造成很多方面的影響，不僅使作物產量減少也使得品質下降，利用基因工程技術來提高植物的耐熱性，不但可以改善此問題，提高作物產量，也可擴大耕地面積至溫度高的地區。
　　當植物從最適生長溫度先於非致死的高溫馴化一段時間，會誘導產生許多熱休克蛋白質，使其對更高溫的耐熱性被提升，此種耐熱性稱為誘導性耐熱性，HSP101是誘導性耐熱性當中最重要的蛋白質，主要功能在幫助將變性凝集的蛋白質解開，恢復蛋白質在植物中的功能。此外，菸草鑲嵌病毒5′UTR之ㄧ段富含CAA的序列稱為Ω序列，可促進轉譯效率，HSP101可結合在Ω吸引轉譯因子而形成轉譯起始複合物，進而提升轉譯效率，是故HSP101扮演轉譯活化子角色。我們利用農桿菌轉殖法，結合Ω提升轉譯效率的特性，將水稻HSP101分別表現於菸草的細胞核及葉綠體中，以期大量表現HSP101，提升植物耐熱性。
　　目前獲得2株利用Ω增強Oshsp101轉譯效率的同質純系轉殖植株。3株利用Ω以及Rubisco small subunit的葉綠體標的序列，將OsHSP101表達於葉綠體的同質純系轉殖株。2株表達於葉綠體但具有Histag的OsHSP101同質純系植株，這些植株的OsHSP101表現量皆高於原生型植株，初步耐熱測試結果顯示轉殖植株的修復能力比原生型植株佳。

　Heat stress is detrimental to both the vegetative and reproductive stages of plants. The ability for plants to withstand heat stress may be of great importance in agricultural productivity. Genetically engineering approach to introduce the thermotolerant traits into crops has several advantages over traditional breeding program.
　Heat shock proteins are induced when plants subject to high temperature stress. Particularly, HSP101 plays an important function in acquired thermotolerance of plants. One of the major functions of HSP101 is to promote the re-solubilization of aggregated proteins, and reactivate protein activity in cooperation with other molecular chaperones as a refolding machine under heat stress. In addition, HSP101 can bind to the 5’ leader sequence (Ω) of tobacco mosaic virus, and enhance the translational activity of RNA transcripts. To take advantage of dual activities of HSP101, We overexpressed OsHsp101 in the cytoplasm or chloroplasts of tobacco by nuclear transformation technology.
　Two tobacco homozygous lines with Ω-regulating the expression of OsHsp101 in cytoplasm were obtained. One homozygous line with Ω-regulating the expression of OsHsp101 in chloroplasts was obtained. In addition, two homozygous lines with expression of His-tag OsHsp101 fusion protein in chloroplasts were obtained. The HSP101 expression levels are much higher in transgenic lines than wild type plants. Thermotolerant assay indicated that transgenic plants have better recovery ability than wild type after subjecting to heat treatment.

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