目前溫室效應日趨嚴重，溫室效應造成許多極端的氣候問題，其主要原因為溫室氣體的排放，在溫室氣體中，主要的氣體是二氧化碳，因此國際間皆致力於降低碳排放，其中，碳捕集及封存(CCS)為一重要技術，包含一系列的工程技術，最後將二氧化碳注入適當的地底構造。然而，將二氧化碳注入至地下地層時，可能會產生許多風險，因注入二氧化碳時所產生的注入壓力會使地層孔隙壓力上升，且壓力傳遞的範圍比二氧化碳傳遞的範圍大上許多，若壓力影響範圍內含有斷層構造，即有可能影響斷層之應力狀態並衍生岩石力學相關風險。
注入行為可能引發斷層再活動，而斷層再活動為一系列的行為，包含裂隙開放及誘發地震，本研究主要探討斷層受力後裂隙開放並產生洩漏風險之行為，利用斷層面上作用的切向應力、法向有效應力及斷層摩擦係數計算斷層的滑移趨勢，並以滑移趨勢作為斷層邊界改變與否的標準，當斷層邊界改變時，其訊號會反饋於井底壓力，此時，可利用注入井井壓暫態分析評估斷層邊界之變化，並修正注入井的工程設計，以避免二氧化碳沿斷層洩漏之風險，並進行井注入設計及地層構造之情境分析。

Injection of carbon dioxide into underground formations can pose various risks. The injection process generates injection pressure that increases the pore pressure in the geological formation. The range of pressure propagation is often much larger than the range of carbon dioxide diffusion. If the pressure-affected area includes fault structures, it could potentially impact the stress state of the fault and give rise to risks related to rock mechanics.
The injection process could trigger fault reactivation, leading to a series of behaviors including fissure opening and induced earthquakes. This study primarily investigates the behavior of fault reopening and the associated leakage risk after fault stress. The slip tendency of the fault is calculated using the tangential stress, effective normal stress, and fault friction coefficient acting on the fault plane. The slip tendency is used as an indicator of whether there is a change in the fault boundary. When there is a change in the fault boundary, the signal is reflected in the wellbore pressure. This enables the evaluation of changes in the fault boundary through transient analysis of wellbore pressure during injection, allowing for adjustments to the injection well engineering design to mitigate the risk of carbon dioxide leakage along the fault. This approach involves well injection design and scenario analysis of subsurface structures.

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ISO 27914:2017,Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage —Geological storage,2017