加盟不但是加盟業主利用來擴張事業版圖的方式，為減低經營風險，有意創業的投資者亦容易選擇以加盟的方式開創事業。然而加盟者並非均具備經營加盟的專業知識，對於加盟市場的狀況的認識也大都來自加盟業主所提供之資訊。由於加盟雙方當事人間具有資訊落差，加上加盟業主在經濟上亦具有優於加盟者之經濟優勢，是以為避免加盟業主濫用其優勢地位，有必要要求加盟業主在加盟者與之締結加盟協議前或給付加盟相關費用前，揭露重要加盟資訊使潛在的加盟者得在認識重要締約資訊的情形下做成締約決定，避免事後紛爭的發生。

加盟的魅力在於加盟業主提供通過市場檢驗之品牌、Know-how與經營協助，可以成功吸引消費者進行消費。藉由加盟業主的協助與品牌力量，加盟者得減低創業風險，並成功經營事業，是以對於有創業需求的加盟者而言，有極大的誘因會選擇進入加盟體系。惟相較於加盟者，加盟業主具有相對優勢地位，除了在源頭掌握加盟店經營所必需之資源外，在經營上為維持品牌形象與商譽，加盟業主對加盟者存在某程度的控制權，得監督並限制加盟店之經營。從資訊面觀察，加盟業主具有資訊優勢，蓋由於加盟業主持有經營技術與營業秘密，且加盟者無法藉由其他管道獲知上述資訊，加盟當事人間存在資訊不對稱問題，此有賴於加盟資訊揭露加以解決。再從交易成本進行觀察，為避免投機行為的發生，加盟業主會要求加盟者進行專屬性投資，此種專屬性投資無法輕易挪作他用，故於契約終止時將轉為沉沒成本，加盟者考量此種沉沒成本可能選擇接受不利於己之契約條件。綜上。為避免加盟業主利用優勢地位，，有必要要求加盟業主揭露加盟資訊，來維護連鎖加盟交易秩序，保障加盟業主之締約決定不受到干擾。

資訊在交易上扮演十分重要的角色，揭露重要的交易資訊，可以減低交易風險，然而交易資訊繁多，何種資訊得要求揭露為本文討論之核心。美國作為現代加盟事業的起源地，於聯邦貿易委員會加盟規則中訂定了十分詳細的加盟資訊揭露規定，極具參考價值。美國加盟規則除就揭露文件之格式與提供方法加以限制外，並要求加盟業主應以單一文件揭露23項重要之加盟資訊，針對應揭露之資訊內容做出細節性規定，配合一致性指南與基礎與目標說明(SBP)闡明加盟資訊在交易上之功能與重要性，同時用以強調加盟規則的要求與限制。歐盟會員國之法律與加盟商業協會之自律規則，或有直接要求加盟業主揭露加盟資訊，或以混合要求揭露部分資訊與特定加盟協議條款之方式加以規定，後者就資訊揭露之要求較不明確，然就其所要求制訂之加盟條款內容可觀察出重要加盟資訊範圍。歐洲學界在共同參考框架草案所擬定之加盟規定，則要求加盟業主應於締約前提供充足資訊，其理由乃為了使潛在加盟者在充分認識重要加盟事實下，作成締約決定；其中關於應揭露之資訊與加盟當事人之義務規定亦得作為討論重要交易資訊時的參考標準。本文參考比較法規定之重要資訊，與我國公平會訂立之加盟業主經營行為處理原則所規定應揭露之資訊進行比較，確定應揭露之加盟重要資訊範圍與內容，並就我國法規範不足之處加以說明。

加盟業主依其優勢地位負有資訊揭露責任，應揭露足以影響締約決定之重要資訊，至於應揭露之資訊範圍則以一般之交易相對人之觀點判斷是否屬於重要加盟資訊。且資訊揭露之程度需足以幫助加盟者認識重要締約事實，避免因錯誤或不足之資訊，作成不利於己之決定；減少銷售後發生之爭執；避免資訊偏在一方而加重他方之負擔，平衡雙方當事人之地位等始屬充足。

SUMMARY

Franchising is not only the manner for franchisor to expand his business territory. As to reduce business risks, the prospective business investor is also easy to choose entering the franchise system to start up his own businesses. However, the franchisee might hardly have experience and expertise when entering franchise system, and learn the information of franchise market conditions from the franchisor. Since there is information gap between the parties, and compared with franchisee the franchisor have economic advantages, in order to avoid the abuse of dominant position of the franchisor, it is necessary to require the franchisor to disclose important information, before concluding franchise agreement or prior to the franchisee paying the franchisor franchise fees. Therefore prospective franchisee can make a decision under full information. Eventually avoiding disputes afterward.

INTRODUCTION

The greatest charm of franchise lies in the franchisor will provide the brand through market testing, Know-how and business operation assistance, and which can successfully attract consumers for consumption. Franchisor’s assistance and the brand strength can reduce business risk, and successfully running a business, thus there are great incentives for people who want to start an undertaking choosing to enter the franchise system. Compared to the franchisees,the franchisor have the relatively dominant position, in addition to controlling the necessary resources for business running, in order to maintain the brand image and the reputation of franchise network, to some extent the franchisor can control over the franchisees,supervise and restrict the operation of the franchise store. In terms of the transaction information, the franchisor have an information advantage, holding know-how and trade secrets, and except being informed by franchisor, franchisees are unable to get the know-how information and trade secrets from other ways; there are information asymmetry problems between the parties, and depending on information disclosure to solve the problem. Then with regard to transaction costs, to avoid the free-riding, franchisor will require franchisees to carry out specific investment, such investment can not be easily changed for other purposes, and when franchisee terminate the contract,the specific investment will be converted to sunk costs. For the sunk cost considerations,the franchisee may choose to accept unfavorable contract conditions. To sum up,to avoid the abuse of advantage position of the franchisor,it is necessary require franchisor to disclose franchise information, to maintain the franchise trade order, protect the perspective franchisee’s decision not be intervened.

DISCUSSION

Information plays a very important role in the transaction, disclosing important transaction information can reduce transaction risk. However there is various trading information, judging what information should be disclosed is the core of the thesis.
Modern business originated in the United States, and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) franchise rules detailedly stipulates franchise information disclosure obligation of the franchisor, which providing an important reference value. In addition to laid down the restrictions of disclosure format and method of the disclosure document, the FTC franchise rule requiring franchisor to disclose 23 important franchise information items in single document, and stipulating the disclosure content at full length. Accompanying the FTC franchise rule issuing the “Franchise Rule Compliance Guides “ and “Statement of Basis and Purpose”(SBP) , illustrating the function and importance of franchise information in the transaction, at the same time amplifying and clarifying the requirements and prohibitions of FTC franchise rule.
The law of European Union Member States and self-regulatory rules of franchise associations may directly stipulate the information which should be disclosed by franchisor, or may combine the requirement for disclosing information by franchisor and for disclosing specific franchise agreement terms. The latter way is less clear when talking about the requirement of disclosure obligation of franchisor, however with regard to the terms concluding in the agreement, we still can find the scope of important franchise information.
Referring to franchise rule in the common frame of reference which is drafted by scholars, franchisor have to disclose franchise information during the pre-contract stage, let prospective franchisees learn about full influence factors of the transaction to make a decision. The information which shold be disclosed and the obligation of franchisor and franchisee could be a reference standard, when discussing the important transaction information.
This thesis herein by reference to the franchise information laid down in comparative law, and in comparison with principle of business conduct of the franchisor enacted by the Fair Trade Commission about the disclosure obligation of the franchisor, establishing the contents of important franchise information which should be disclosed by franchisor.

CONCLUSION

In sum, on account of the dominant position, franchisor have the obligation to disclose franchise information. The franchisor should disclose the important information which might affect the decision making by prospective franchisee. Due to the goal of the fair trade law is to protect competition order, when judging what information should be disclosed and its content, it needs to consider the point from general trading counterpart to determine whether it is important franchise information. To an extent, the information should be sufficient to help franchisees understand the important facts of the contract, avoiding prospective franchisee to make a decision against his own benefit for errors or insufficient information reason; reducing dispute after the transaction; preventing increase the burden of other party by reason of information asymmetry, and balance the status of the parties etc.

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