本論文探討新維多利亞風格犯罪小說作為一種當代檔案，如何再現十九世紀女性「化外者」: 女殺人犯、女罪犯、性工作者與藥物成癮者的生命經驗、犯罪經歷、與其證詞；這些女性的聲音在傳統歷史敘事中往往被壓抑、消音，或被病理與醫療的論述所吸收。透過細讀四部新維多利亞風格犯罪小說：莎拉·柯林斯的《法蘭妮·蘭頓的自白》（2019）、艾倫·摩爾與艾迪·坎貝爾的《開膛手》（1999）、瑪格麗特·愛特伍的《雙面葛蕾絲》（1996）以及莎拉·華特絲的《靈契》（1999），本論文主張，這些作品共同聚焦於一個核心困境：維多利亞時期法律與醫學體制要求可線性敘述、以動機為導向的故事，因而把敘事的連貫性轉化爲判定可信度與罪責的前提條件。
本論文以「虛談/虛構補述」作為一種認知—修辭框架，將化外女性被視為「天生不可靠」的敘述，重新界定爲：在強制性的制度要求（線性、動機與意圖）之下，為填補記憶缺口而產生、且由當事人真誠認同的記憶補述。依據威廉·赫斯崔恩的「腦虛構」理論與阿卡特里尼·福托波洛對虛談之動機基礎的討論，本論文將化外女性的失憶、記憶碎裂與敘述矛盾，解讀為對創傷、種族化與性別化暴力以及司法偏見所作出的情感性與認知性回應，而非欺瞞的證據。進一步地，本論文強調脆弱性而非罪責，並將文本分析置於人權論述之中，以「人類尊嚴」作為倫理框架，用以質疑維多利亞刑罰體系中對女性的性別化暴力與性色化懲罰，從而抵銷其報復性的司法邏輯，尤以死刑制度為甚。

This dissertation examines neo-Victorian crime fiction as a contemporary archive for reimagining the lives, careers, and testimonies of nineteenth-century outcast women, including murderers, convicts, sex workers, and drug addicts, whose voice were historically silenced or pathologized. Through close readings of four neo-Victorian crime novels: The Confessions of Frannie Langton (2019) by Sara Collins, From Hell (1999) by Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell, Alias Grace (1996) by Margaret Atwood, and Affinity (1999) by Sarah Waters, this dissertation argues that these texts converge on a shared problem: Victorian legal and medical regimes’ demand for a linear, motive-driven account turns narrative coherence into a condition of credibility and culpability.
Mobilizing confabulation as a cognitive-rhetorical framework, the dissertation reframes outcast women’s inherent unreliability as sincerely endorsed memory gap-filling under coercive institutional demands for linearity, motive, and intent. Drawing on William Hirstein’s theory of brain fiction and Aikaterini Fotopoulou’s discussion of the motivational basis of confabulation, the dissertation interprets outcast women’s amnesia, fragmentation, and contradiction as affectively charged responses to trauma, racialized and gendered violence, and juridical bias, rather than as evidence of deception. By foregrounding these women’s vulnerability over culpability, this dissertation further situates its readings within human rights discourse, utilizing concepts of human dignity as an ethical corrective to the gendered violence and sexualized punishment of the Victorian penal system, counterweighting its retributive logic, particularly regarding capital punishment.

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