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研究生： 石馨宇
Shih, Hsin-Yu
論文名稱： 以數位雙生技術為基礎建構遠端塔吊作業之架構
Constructing a Framework for Remote Tower Crane Operations Based on Digital Twin Technology
指導教授： 馮重偉
Feng, Chung-Wei
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2024
畢業學年度： 112
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 111
中文關鍵詞： 塔吊作業 、虛擬實境 、數位雙生 、建築資訊模型
外文關鍵詞： Crane Operations, Virtual Reality, Digital Twin , Building Information Modeling (BIM)
相關次數： 點閱：37  下載：2 
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    • 塔吊作業在現代建築工地扮演著舉足輕重的角色，負責工地各種物料的運輸。然而，由於建築工地環境複雜，使得塔吊作業涉及高度技術需求，其作業過程蘊含許多風險。傳統塔吊操作需要塔吊司機在現場直接操控，暴露於危險環境中，因此如何提高塔吊作業的安全性及效率成為關注焦點。
    本研究旨在設計一個支持遠端操作塔吊的數位雙生架構，透過實時監控，映射現地環境變動於虛擬模型，使司機能虛擬模型中獲得足夠資訊執行遠端操作任務，有效減少塔吊作業中的事故發生率，並提升作業效率。研究目標為解析塔吊作業需求及風險因子，並應用數位雙生概念設計操作介面及框架，在此框架下建構模擬遠端操作平台，最終通過專家訪談和操作回饋驗證其可行性和效果。
    先對傳統塔吊作業流程進行深入分析，並通過專家訪談了解實際操作中的問題與挑戰。根據塔吊作業具體需求，設計出操作者介面。此系統允許操作員在遠端安全地控制塔吊，同時通過數位雙生技術確保操作的高度精確性和實時反應。
    隨後，根據分析結果選擇適合的傳感器和傳輸技術，設計出碰撞檢測和運轉警戒範圍偵測系統，以提升遠端操作的精確度和實時監控能力。傳感器將實時收集數據，並通過數位雙生技術將其轉化為虛擬模型中的動態變化，從而使操作員能夠在遠端精確控制塔吊，預防潛在風險。
    本研究設計了一個支持遠端操作的數位雙生架構。操作介面的實用性和數據滿足性通過現地塔吊司機的使用和反饋來驗證，證明操作人員能在無需接觸塔吊的情況下，安全有效地完成作業，顯著降低高風險作業的事故發生率。這一架構為未來建構遠端操作塔吊奠定了基礎，展示了數位雙生技術在營建領域中的應用潛力和前景。

    Tower crane operations are crucial in modern construction sites, responsible for transporting various materials. However, due to the complex environment of construction sites, crane operations involve high technical demands and significant risks. Traditional crane operations require operators to be on-site, exposing them to hazardous conditions. Therefore, improving the safety and efficiency of crane operations is a primary concern.
    This study aims to design a digital twin framework to support remote tower crane operations. Through real-time monitoring and mapping real-world changes into a virtual model, operators can obtain sufficient information to perform remote tasks, effectively reducing accident rates and enhancing operational efficiency. The research objectives include analyzing the needs and risk factors of crane operations, applying the digital twin concept to design an operational interface and framework, constructing a simulated remote operation platform, and validating its practicality and effectiveness through expert interviews and feedback from the operational platform.

    中文摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 V 目錄 VI 表目錄 X 圖目錄 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍與限制 4 1.4 研究流程 6 1.5 論文架構 8 第二章 問題陳述與文獻回顧 10 2.1 研究問題陳述 10 2.1.1 現行塔吊作業流程及缺失 10 2.1.2 遠端操作於建築行業之困境 12 2.1.3 數位雙生技術於現地應用能力不足 13 2.2 塔吊作業資訊及操作需求 15 2.3 遠端操作於建築行業之發展狀況 16 2.4 數位雙生技術之解析 18 2.4.1 數位雙生技術之資訊需求 18 2.4.2 數位雙生技術之於營建產業之應用 19 2.5 小結 21 第三章 研究方法及工具 22 3.1 需求分析工具 22 3.1.1 專家訪談 22 3.1.2 IDEF0 23 3.2 建築資訊模型建模工具 26 3.2.1 Autodesk Revit 26 3.2.2 Autodesk 3DsMax 27 3.2.3 Cloud Compare 28 3.3 虛擬實境開發工具 29 3.3.1 Meta Quest 2 29 3.3.2 Unity 30 3.3.3 Microsoft Visual Studio 31 第四章 開發遠端操作塔吊作業之架構及流程 33 4.1 研究架構 34 4.2 解析遠端操作塔吊任務之需求 37 4.2.1 解析塔吊作業需求及控制因子 37 4.2.2 解析塔吊作業品質管理標準 38 4.2.3 探討數位雙生技術 39 4.3 建構數位雙生概念之遠端塔吊操作框架 42 4.3.1 塔吊作業虛實整合環境之分析 43 4.3.2 靜態實體於虛擬模型呈現之方法 45 4.3.3 動態實體於虛擬模型呈現 50 4.3.4 遠端操作塔吊作業之情境分析 53 4.3.5 傳感器於現地之配置及傳輸分析 55 4.3.6 遠端操作塔吊之系統架構 60 4.4 建構數位雙生概念之遠端塔吊操作模擬模型 66 4.4.1 解析虛擬實境模擬操作平台開發所需資訊 67 4.4.2 結合點雲與坂坉坍建構虛實整合之模擬環境 69 4.4.3 系統功能 70 4.5 遠端塔吊操作模擬模型之驗證 71 4.6 小結 72 第五章 案例驗證 74 5.1 驗證框架模型介紹 74 5.1.1 案例背景 74 5.1.2 受試者資訊 76 5.2 開發模擬遠端塔吊操作系統模型 77 5.2.1 虛擬環境 77 5.2.2 使用Meta Quest 2 操作系統建置 78 5.2.3 數據面板之建構與呈現 80 5.2.4 碰撞檢測系統模擬 83 5.3 驗證360度相機推流至模擬操作系統 84 5.3.1 建置串流影像至VR裝置 84 5.3.2 串流工業級360度相機至VR裝置 85 5.3.3 網路360相機畫面至VR裝置 86 5.4 模擬操作平台之驗證 87 5.4.1 專家訪談及系統回饋 88 5.4.2 系統中受到讚賞的功能 88 5.4.3 資訊與控制機制的優化建議 89 5.5 小結 90 第六章 結論與建議 91 6.1 結論 91 6.2 未來研究之建議 92 第七章 參考文獻 94

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