面部為人體重要部位之一，損傷會影響外表，帶來生活不便。近年的統計顯示機車事故是導致面部損傷的主因之一，且鑒於台灣機車擁有率高，更需要對於機車面部安全多加研究。因此本論文的目的是建立一個人體頭頸部有限元模型，應用在機車事故的面部撞擊，探討頭頸部及面部的傷害。
本論文簡化現有的50％男性人體有限元模型－THUMS，並藉由面部及頸部的生物擬真性驗證，修改材料參數，使其更接近真實生物力學反應，尤其是面部軟組織及頭頸部擺動方面。接著建立機車騎士頭頸部有限元模型，並應用於兩種不同面部撞擊情境。一是參考現有安全帽標準的護顎衝擊測試，使用傷害評估比較不同撞擊速度的傷害程度，使用ECE 22.06的6 m/s外，增加6.5、7、7.5及8 m/s。結果得知頭頸部及面部的傷害與撞擊速度有正相關，且建議若安全帽標準考慮面部保護，可優先著重上顎骨和中下面部軟組織這兩個部位制定。另一種是將頭頸部模型以面部朝下撞擊直徑150毫米的圓形鋼砧，撞擊速度為6 m/s，使用傷害評估比較未戴安全帽、佩戴四分之三罩式安全帽及佩戴全罩式安全帽的機車騎士受到面部撞擊的傷害程度差異。結果得知若佩戴沒有護顎的安全帽可能會因為安全帽重量增加撞擊能量，但仍可略微降低頭部受傷風險，安全帽的護顎則是可以全方位及大幅度的降低頭頸部的受傷風險。另外也對安全帽提出關於面部保護的改良建議。
本研究建立一個在面部軟組織及頭頸部擺動上，更具生物擬真性的人體頭頸部有限元模型，使其有助於進行頭頸部，特別是面部方面的傷害研究。本研究應用此模型進行機車騎士的面部撞擊，分析安全帽在面部撞擊時的保護程度。未來建議增加其他面部骨骼的傷害評估及面部撞擊場景，且考量軀幹的重量，以更了解機車騎士面部撞擊的傷害機制，使頸部傷害預測更加準確，為頭頸部保護研究提供依據。

Facial injuries, often resulting from motorcycle accidents, can have significant consequences. This study aimed to develop a biofidelic human head-neck finite element model to investigate the mechanisms of facial injuries and the protective efficacy of helmets. The model was subjected to various impact scenarios, including chin bar impacts at different velocities and direct facial impacts onto a rigid anvil. Injury criteria, such as peak acceleration, HIC, and material failure parameters, were used to assess head, neck, and facial injuries. Results indicate a positive correlation between impact velocity and injury severity. The study highlights the limitations of current helmet standards in protecting the face and suggests the need for stricter standards that consider facial injuries. Additionally, the importance of full-face helmets in reducing both head and facial injuries was emphasized. Future research should focus on expanding the scope of facial injury analysis, incorporating more realistic impact scenarios, and considering the influence of torso weight to improve the accuracy of injury predictions.

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