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研究生： 蔡光任
Tsai, Kuang-Jen
論文名稱： 熱處理對單成份圓球型含鈀汞齊合金性質的影響
Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of Single Composition Spherical Pd-Containing Amalgam
指導教授： 朱建平
Ju, Chien-Ping
陳瑾惠
Chern Lin, Jiin-Huey
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 131
中文關鍵詞： 汞齊合金 、鈀
外文關鍵詞： palladium, amalgam
相關次數： 點閱：76  下載：1 
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    • 　　根據統計，美國牙醫在1991年一共使用了9600萬個牙科用汞齊合金(dental amalgam)，由此可知汞齊合金在全球牙科市場上的需求量之龐大。含鈀汞齊合金有許多優良的性質，如降低初期汞蒸氣釋出速率、降低電化學活性、降低潛變速率、較低之尺寸變化量等，但由於純鈀的價格非常昂貴，因此基於商業上考量希望能夠在維持上述各項含鈀汞齊合金優越性質之前提下，能降低鈀在汞齊合金中的含量。
    　　在本研究室先前的研究中發現，鈀的含量在3.3 wt％左右時具有較佳的相關性質，本實驗將嘗試降低鈀含量，因此選擇三種不同鈀含量的合金粉末，三種合金粉末分別為PD33、PD15及PD05，分別進行H10、H20、H25及H30的熱處理，目的在並探討熱處理對三種不同鈀含量之單成份圓球型含鈀汞齊合金之性質及微結構影響，且期望能發展出另一具有優良性質的低鈀汞齊合金。
    　　實驗結果顯示，當熱處理溫度為H25及H30的條件時，本實驗之汞齊合金之1時抗壓強度都高於美國牙醫協會(ADA)所規範之80MPa，而7天抗壓強度除了AmPD05H20 (382.7 MPa)，其餘都高於400MPa，且本實驗所有汞齊合金之潛變速率都遠低於美國牙醫協會(ADA)所規範之3%上限。且在H25及H30的熱處理條件時汞齊合金擁有較低之初始汞蒸氣釋出率。本實驗中也針對H25及H30的熱處理條件之汞齊合金進行冷熱循環試驗。

    　　Dental amalgam are discussed according to their mercury content and release. However, amalgam is a filling material which is widely used because of its cost, durability and ease of manipulation. In the US, approximately, 96 million amalgam restorations were placed in 1991.
    　　Amalgam is one of the most popular dental restoratives, but concerns exist over its safety because of the mercury in its formulation. Small amounts of mercury are released from dental amalgam by vaporization and dissolution. Amalgams containing palladium have many excellent properties including low initial mercury release rate, low electronic energy, low creep rate and low expansion.
    　　In this research, we choose three materials named PD33, PD15 and PD05. We performed thermal treatment on these three material. The aim of this study is to reduce the content in the Pa-containing amalgam, and can also maintained the excellent properties of Pd-containing amalgam.

    摘要 …………………………………………………………………………I 總目錄 ……………………………………………………………………II 表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………V 圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………… VI 第一章 研究動機 ……………………………………………………1 第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 ………………………………………5 2-1 含鈀汞齊合金之發展歷史 ………………………………………5 2-2 汞齊合金之汞齊化反應及其結構 ……………………………10 2-2-1 低銅合金 ………………………………………………………10 2-2-2 高銅合金 ………………………………………………………10 2-3 合金粉末的分類 ………………………………………………11 2-3-1 球型合金粉末 …………………………………………………11 2-3-2 不規則型合金粉末 ……………………………………………13 2-3-3 混合型合金粉末 ………………………………………………14 2-4 汞齊合金之冷熱疲勞性質 ………………………………………15 2-5 有關汞之毒性的報導 ……………………………………………16 2-6 汞齊合金之汞蒸氣釋出機制 ……………………………………18 第三章 材料與實驗方法 ………………………………………………24 3-1 合金粉末之製造與處理 …………………………………………24 3-1-1 粉末真空玻璃封管…………………………………………………24 3-1-2 合金粉末熱處理…………………………………………………27 3-1-3 合金粉末的酸洗……………………………………………………30 3-1-4 合金粉末之XRD相鑑定……………………………………………30 3-1-5 合金粉末之SEM觀察………………………………………………31 3-1-6 合金粉末之粒徑分佈計算 ………………………………………33 3-2 汞齊合金試片之製作 ……………………………………………33 3-2-1 合金粉末之混汞比量測 …………………………………………33 3-2-2 汞齊合金試片之製作 ……………………………………………34 3-3 汞齊合金試片性質之測試與分析 ………………………………37 3-3-1 汞齊合金XRD相分析 ………………………………………………37 3-3-2 汞齊合金試片初始汞蒸氣釋出量之測試 ………………………37 3-3-3 抗壓及徑向抗拉強度之測試 ……………………………………39 3-3-4 潛變量測試 ………………………………………………………40 3-3-5 冷熱疲勞測試 ……………………………………………………43 第四章 結果與討論 ……………………………………………………47 4-1 熱處理對合金粉末性質及微結構之影響…………………………47 4-1-1 合金粉末之粒徑分布及粉末SEM觀察………………………………47 4-1-2 合金粉末經熱處理之XRD繞射分析…………………………………47 4-1-3 合金粉末經熱處理後之SEM顯微組織分析…………………………53 4-2 不同熱處理溫度對汞齊合金性質之影響及微結構分析…………56 4-2-1 熱處理對混汞量、工作時間(Working time)及硬化時間(Setting time)之影響………………………………………………………………………………56 4-2-2 XRD相分析……………………………………………………………61 4-2-3 汞齊合金SEM顯微組織觀察及EDS元素成分分析…………………70 4-2-4 成分元素分布分析（EDS/Mapping）與成分元素線掃描（EDS/line scan）…………………………………………………………………………74 4-2-5 熱處理對初始汞蒸氣釋出率之影響………………………………77 4-2-6 熱處理對汞齊合金抗壓強度之影響………………………………83 4-2-7 熱處理對汞齊合金徑向抗拉強度之影響…………………………88 4-2-8 潛變測試……………………………………………………………91 4-3 冷熱循環測試對汞齊合金機械性質及微結構之影響……………97 4-3-1 XRD相分析…………………………………………………………98 4-3-2 SEM顯微組織觀察及EDS元素成分分析……………………………98 4-3-3 經冷熱循環前後對抗壓強度之影響………………………………113 4-3-4 經冷熱循環前後對潛變率之影響…………………………………116 第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………………122 第六章 參考文獻 …………………………………………………………125

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