簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳碧雲
Yun, Freeyaa Tan Bih
論文名稱: The Effect of Uncertainty Risk and Mega Event to the Global FDI inflows to Malaysia
The Effect of Uncertainty Risk and Mega Event to the Global FDI inflows to Malaysia
指導教授: 康信鴻
Kang, Hsin-Hong
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士班
Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 50
外文關鍵詞: FDI, Political risk, Labor cost risk, Exchange rate risk, Financial crisis 2008
相關次數: 點閱:95下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Foreign direct investment has played as an important role in many of the economies of the region, especially in export sectors. FDI has been a main key factor increasing export-led growth in developing countries, particularly in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of uncertainty risk factors and mega event have tremendously affected global FDI inflows to Malaysia. This study investigates and empirical relationship of uncertainty risks and mega event-Financial Crisis 2008 to global FDI inflows to Malaysia. This paper examines four uncertainty risk factors which are Political stability and Absence of violence (H1), Rule of law (H2), Labor cost risk- Labor cost per employee (H3), Exchange rate risk- Exchange rate (H4) and one mega event- Financial crisis 2008 (H5) during 2000 to 2009.
    A multiple regression model is used to investigate the significance of the uncertainty risk and mega event on FDI inflows to Malaysia. Econometric-Views (E-views) program is used to analyze the collected data, and regression analysis will be employed as the method of empirical study. The result shows that four of five hypotheses to be supported to the depended variable FDI. The variables which are significant as following: Political stability and Absence of violence (H1), Labor cost per employee (H3), Exchange rate (H4) and Mega event- Financial crisis 2008 (H5).

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I ABSTRACT II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES VI LIST OF FIGURES VIII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.2 Research Gaps and Motivation. 2 1.3 Research Objective and Contribution. 4 1.4 Research Structure. 4 1.5 Research Procedure. 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Definition of Foreign Direct Investment. 7 2.2 Malaysia Background and Economic Situation. 9 2.3 Foreign Direct Investment and Political Risk. 11 2.3.1 Political Stability and Absence of Violence. 12 2.3.2 Rule of Law. 13 2.4 Foreign Direct Investment and Labor Cost Risk. 14 2.5 Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange rate Risk. 18 2.6 Foreign Direct Investment and Mega Event – Global Financial Crisis 2008. 21 2.7 Research Direction of this paper. 23 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 25 3.1 Hypotheses. 25 3.2 Data Sources. 25 3.2.1 Dependent Variable. 26 3.2.2 Independent Variables and Dummy Variables. 26 3.3 Procedure of Data Analysis. 28 3.4 Regression Model. 29 3.4.1 Dummy Variables. 29 3.4.2 Independent Variables and Dummy Variables. 29 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULTS 32 4.1 Multicollinearity Test. 33 4.2 Nested Test. 35 4.3 Heteroscedasticity Test. 36 4.4 Autocorrelations Test. 37 4.5 Ordinary Least Square Test. 38 4.5.1 Malaysia. 39 4.5.2 Political Stability and Absence of Violence. 39 4.5.3 Rule of Law. 40 4.5.4 Labor Cost per Employee. 40 4.5.5 Exchange Rate. 40 4.5.6 Financial Crisis 2008. 40 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 41 5.1 Research Conclusions and Discussions. 41 5.2 Research Implications and Suggestions. 44 5.3 Research Limitation and Future Direction. 45 REFERENCES 47

    Agarwal, S. (1994). Socio-cultural distance and the choice of joint ventures: A contingency perspective. Journal of International Marketing, 2(2), 63-80.
    Ahmed, Z., Mohamad, O., Tan, B., & Johnson, J. (2002). International risk perceptions and mode of entry: A case study of Malaysian multinational firms. Journal of Business Research, 55(10), 805-813.
    Americas Society and Council of the Americas Working Group. (2007). Rule of Law, Economic Growth and Prosperity. Retrieved April 14, 2011, from http://www.as-coa.org/files/PDF/pub_562_363.pdf
    Andrews, Merced, & Walsh. (2008). Fed's $85 Billion Loan Rescue Insurer. Retrieved Dec 15, 2010, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/business/17insure.html?_r=2&hp
    Aray, H., & Gardeazabal, J. (2010). Going multinational under exchange rate uncertainty. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1171-1191.
    Balasubramanyam, V. N., Salisu, M., & Sapsford, D. (1996). Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and IS countries. The Economic Journal, 106(434), 92-105.
    Bhagwati, J. (1994). Free trade: Old and new challenges. The Economic Journal, 104(423), 231-246.
    Blonigen, A. B. (1997). Firm-specific assets and the link between exchange rates and foreign direct investment. The American Economic Review, 87(3), 447-465.
    Brouthers, Gao, & McNicol. (2008). Corruption and market attractiveness influences on different types of FDI. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 673-680.
    Brouthers, K. D., & Brouthers, L. E. (2001). Explaining the national cultural distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 177-189.
    Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397-415.
    Butler, K., & Joaquin, D. (1998). A Note on Political Risk and the Required Return on Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(2), 599-608.
    Campa, M. J. (1993). Entry by foreign firms in the United States under exchange rate uncertainty. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 75(4), 614-622.
    Choi, C. (2004). Foreign direct investment and income convergence. Applied Economics, 36(10), 1045-1049.
    Damodar Gujarati, & Porter, D. (2010). Essential of Econometrics (Fourth Edition ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin.
    Das, P. S. (2002). Foreign direct investment and the relative wage in a developing economy. Journal of Development Economics, 67(1), 55-77.
    Demirbag, M., Tatoglu, E., & Glaister, K. W. (2007). Factors influencing perceptions of performance: The case of western FDI in an emerging market. International Business Review, 16(3), 310-336.
    Ghani, R., Arshad, Idris, Othman, Halid, Poon, et al. (2001). Salary and wages in Malaysia. Journal of Comparative International Management, 4(2), 375-378.
    Giulietti, M., Mccorriston, S., & Osborne, P. (2004). Foreign direct investment in the UK: Evidence from a disaggregated panel of the UK food sector. Applied Economics, 36(7), 653-663.
    Havlik, P. (2005). Unit labour costs in the new EU member states: Verein" Wiener Inst. für Internat. Wirtschaftsvergleiche"(WIIW).
    Heyman, F., Sjöholm, F., & Tingvall, G. P. (2007). Is there really a foreign ownership wage premium? Evidence from matched employer-employee data. Journal of International Economics, 73(2), 355-376.
    Hirsch, S. (2009). John H. Dunning and Sarianna M. Lundan, Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy (2nd ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK (2008). International Business Review, 18(2), 211-213.
    Janicki, P. H., & Wunnava, V. P. (2004). Determinants of foreign direct investment: Empirical evidence from EU accession candidates. Applied Economics, 36(5), 505-509.
    Li, S. (2004). Location and performance of foreign firms in China. Management International Review, 44, 151-170.
    López-Duarte, C., & Vidal-Suárez, M. (2010). External uncertainty and entry mode choice: Cultural distance, political risk and language diversity. International Business Review, 19(6), 575-588.
    Noorbakhsh, F., Paloni, A., & Youssef, A. (2001). Human Capital and FDI Inflows to Developing Countries: New Empirical Evidence. World Development, 29(9), 1593-1610.
    Park, B., & Lee, K. (2003). Comparative analysis of foreign direct investment in China Firms from South Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States in Shandong province. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 8(1), 57-84.
    Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, L. P. (2008). Political & Economic Risk 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from http://ibnlive.in.com/news/political-risk-in-india-highest-says-hong-kong-study/76935-2.html
    Rammal, H. G., & Zurbruegg, R. (2006). The impact of regulatory quality on intra-foreign direct investment flows in the ASEAN markets. International Business Review, 15(4), 401-414.
    Reynolds, T., Kenny, C., Liu, J., & Qiang, C. Z.-W. (2004). Networking for foreign direct investment: the telecommunications industry and its effect on investment. Information Economics and Policy, 16(2), 159-164.
    Rosengren, E., & Klein, W. M. (1994). The real exchange rate and foreign direct investment in the United States: Relative wealth vs. relative wage effects. Journal of International Economics, 36(3-4), 373-389.
    Russ, N. K. (2007). The endogeneity of the exchange rate as a determinant of FDI: A model of entry and multinational firms. Journal of International Economics, 71(2), 344-372.
    Singh, H., & Jun, W. K. (1995). Some new evidence on determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries. World, 2(3), 250-255.
    State, U. S. D. o. (2011). Background Note: Malaysia. Retrieved Feb 3, 2011, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm
    Stehrer, R., & Woerz, J. (2005). Attract FDI!–A Universal Golden Rule. Empirical evidence for Europe and Asia. The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, Oct, 2(3), 417-421.
    Stephen Knack and IRIS Center. (2010). IRIS-3 File of International Country Risk Guide Data. Retrieved April 4, 2011, from http://weber.ucsd.edu/~tkousser/IRIS_doc.pdf
    Stiftung, B. (2010). BTI 2010 Malaysia Country Report. Retrieved April 18, 2011, from http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/fileadmin/pdf/Gutachten_BTI2010/ASO/Malaysia.pdf
    Sung, H., & Lapan, E. H. (2000). Strategic Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rate Uncertainty. International Economic Review, 41(2), 411-423.
    Tallman, B. S. (1988). Home country political risk and foreign direct investment in the United States. Journal of International Business Studies, 5(3), 219-234.
    The Central Intellegence Agency, C. (2010). The world factbook: Malaysia. Retrieved September 18, 2010, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html
    The World Bank. (2010a). Country Data Report for Malaysia, 1996-2009. Retrieved Dec 21, 2010, from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/c155.pdf
    The World Bank. (2010b). Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BOP, current US). Retrieved Dec 21, 2010, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD?order=wbapi_data_value_2009+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc
    The World Bank. (2010c). World investment and political risk. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www.miga.org/documents/WIPR10ebook.pdf
    The World Bank. (2011). Political Stability and Absence of Violence. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/pv.pdf
    Transparency International. (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 Results. Retrieved April 17, 2011, from http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results
    United Nation Conference On Trade And Development [UNCTAD] (2009). World investment report 2009. Retrieved Dec 3, 2010, from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/wir2009overview_en.pdf
    United Nations. (2011). Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Confliect and Post- Confliect Societies. Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://www.un.org/en/ruleoflaw/index.shtml
    Wan, P. W. (2005). Country Resource Environments, Firm Capabilities, and Corporate Diversification Strategies*. Journal of Management Studies, 42(1), 161-182.
    World Institute for Asian Studies. (2006). The history of Malaysia. Retrieved December 2, 2010, from http://www.worldinstituteforasianstudies.org/malaysia.html
    Xing, Y. (2006). Why is China so attractive for FDI? The role of exchange rates. China Economic Review, 17(2), 198-209.
    Xu, W., Hu, D., Lei, A., & Shen, H. (2008). FDI chaos and control in China. Research in International Business and Finance, 22(1), 17-28.
    Yalman, O. (2008). Banks' Subprime Losses Top $500 Billion on Writedowns. Retrieved Dec 8, 2010, from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8sW0n1Cs1tY&refer=home
    Yao, S., & Wei, K. (2007). Economic growth in the presence of FDI: The perspective of newly industrialising economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(1), 211-234.

    無法下載圖示 校內:2016-06-27公開
    校外:不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE