COVID-19疫情不僅對全球的經濟與社會運作帶來巨大衝擊，同時也暴露了各國政府在政策設計過程中，缺乏對人權的考量。當生命健康權與其他基本人權同時受到挑戰時，政府該如何在防疫急迫性與保障個人權益之間取得平衡，所使用的政策工具是否會加深社會不平等，成為現今最重要的治理議題。基於此，本研究將以加拿大與澳洲作為案例分析，從中探討在實施防疫政策過程中所遇到的爭議及反思，並且分析輕推能否在減少政策衝突與爭議的同時，也能達到原先的政策目標。此外，本研究也將透過這些比較分析的結果給予對台灣的建議，以期許未來在發生類似的公共衛生危機時，台灣能夠採取更有效、更不會引發爭議的政策。本研究發現輕推政策雖然不能完全代替強制性較高的傳統政策，但是卻有助於提升民眾的自主配合性並減少摩擦。並且，如果在日常生活中將輕推納入政策設計，不僅能在潛移默化中引導民眾採取正確、健康的防疫行為，也能夠在未來發生公共衛生危機時，取得民眾的信任，從而提高配合度。總結來說，本研究不僅提供比較分析後政策之間的成效、衝突、爭議與反思作為政策參考的依據，也為後續的研究、政策設計帶來不同的理論基礎。

The COVID-19 pandemic not only brought profound disruptions to the global economy and social functioning but also exposed the insufficient consideration of human rights in governments’ policy design processes. When the right to life and health comes into tension with other fundamental rights, how governments balance the urgency of pandemic control with the protection of individual rights, and whether the policy instruments they adopt exacerbate social inequality, has become one of the most critical governance issues today. Against this backdrop, this study uses Canada and Australia as comparative case studies to examine the controversies and reflections arising during the implementation of pandemic policies, and to analyze whether nudge can reduce policy conflict and social controversy while still achieving the original policy objectives. In addition, based on the findings of the comparative analysis, this study offers policy recommendations for Taiwan, with the aim of enabling more effective and less controversial policy responses in future public health crises. The findings indicate that while nudge policies cannot fully replace traditional policies with higher levels of coercion, they can enhance voluntary public compliance and reduce policy friction. Moreover, incorporating nudge into policy design in everyday contexts can not only subtly guide the public toward appropriate and healthy preventive behaviors but also help build public trust in times of future public health crises, thereby increasing overall compliance. In conclusion, this study provides comparative evidence on the effectiveness, conflicts, controversies, and reflections surrounding pandemic policies as a reference for policymaking, and contributes alternative theoretical foundations for future research and policy design.

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