本研究目的為對血液透析患者營養、身體活動與生活品質相關之探討，許多研究證實生活品質是預測血液透析病患死亡及住院率的重要因子；有40%血液透析病患有營養不良情形，營養不良造成血液透析病人抵抗力下降，使身體症狀更加惡化，導致病患身體活動量受到限制，因住院率提高會造成透析病患生活品質下降，顯示血液透析患者的營養、身體活動與生活品質三者關係密切。
本研究採立意取樣的方式，研究場域是台灣地區某機構所屬之北、中、南血液透析中心，研究對象為門診的血液透析病患，採最近一次抽血營養生理評估值，研究工具有每週身體活動量表（Typical Week Physical Activity Survey；TWPAS）、腎臟疾病生活品質量表（Kidney Disease Quality of Life; KDQOL-SFTM）及主觀性營養評估（subjective global assessment, SGA）。共收集282位個案，平均年齡為56.4歲，已婚人數居多（68.8 %），教育程度國小以下佔多數（55.3 %），血紅素平均10.65 g/dL，血球比容積平均值為31.98 %，血清白蛋白平均為4.05 gm/dL，肌酸酐平均值10.69 mg，主觀性整體的營養評估平均數6.3分，身體活動量以代謝量(METs)計算，其平均69.67 MET 分/週
研究結果發現：（1）教育程度及每月可支配金額愈高、無合併慢性疾病者，其生活品質之生理範疇及心理範疇上的得分較高，年齡與生理範疇及心理範疇呈顯著呈負相關，但婚姻、透析月數與生理範疇及心理範疇呈現無相關。（2）營養、身體活動對生理範疇及心理範疇呈顯著正相關。（3）人口學、身體活動、營養共同解釋生活品質中生理範疇42.3%的變異量，其中就業狀況、經濟狀況、合併慢性疾病、白蛋白、主觀性營養評估及肌酐酸為顯著預測因子。（4）人口學、身體活動、營養共同解釋生活品質中心理範疇有31.5%的變異量，有顯著性預測因子是家人同住、經濟狀況、合併慢性疾病、身體活動量、白蛋白及肌酐酸。
結論：研究發現影響生活品質中生理範疇重要因子有就業狀況、經濟狀況、合併慢性疾病、白蛋白、主觀性營養評估及肌酐酸，影響生活品質中心理範疇重要因子有家人同住、經濟狀況、合併慢性疾病、身體活動量、白蛋白及肌酐酸；以上結果將可提供臨床醫護人員，做為照顧血液透析病患的參考準則。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Many previous studies have confirmed that quality of life is a good predictor of death in hemodialysis patients and have highlighted the importance of the rate of hospitalization. Forty percent of hemodialysis patients experience malnutrition. Nevertheless, after controlling for nutrition or physical activities, the relationship among physical activity and quality of life as well as nutrition and quality of life remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study attempts to explore the important factors influencing quality of life.
This study was a descriptive correlational study with a randomly sampling approach. Data were collected through structured questionnaires in the hemodialysis centers of one organization’s north, central and south Taiwan branch. Participants consisted of hemodialysis outpatients who have been on hemodialysis for one year or more. The researchers collected a recent blood test value and asked participants to fill out the questionnaires either by themselves or with the help of others. The measurements included the physical activity scale (Typical Week Physical Activity Survey；TWPAS), the nutritional value of the blood biochemical test and the quality of life for kidney disease scale (Kidney Disease Quality of Life; KDQOL-SFTM). Descriptive statistics conducted on the demographic variables, blood test values and subjective assessment of the overall nutrition, physical activity and quality of life. Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to understand the relationships among nutrition assessment indicators, physical activity, and quality of life, as well as the most important factors in the physical and mental components of quality of life.
The results were: (1) the one who had higher education and better economic condition and without complication disease got higher scores in physical and the psychological of the quality of life. But it is negative about the age and the quality of life in the physical component score and the mental component score. (2) Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to understand the relationship among nutrition assessment indicators, physical activity, and quality of life, as well as the most important factors in the physical and mental components of quality of life. (3) Employment status, economic conditions, the presence of chronic disease, albumin levels, creatinine levels, and subjective nutritional assessment were significant predictors of the physical quality of life, accounting for 42.3% of the total variance. (4) Living with family, economic conditions, the presence of chronic disease, physical activity survey score, albumin levels, and creatinine levels were significant predictors of the psychological aspects of life quality, accounting for 31.5% of the total variance.
Conclusions: work status and economic conditions, complication diseases, albumin, creatinine, subjective global assessments (SGA) were the important predictors of the quality of life in the physical component score. And living with family, economic conditions, complication disease, physical activity, albumin, creatinine, were the important predictors of the quality of life in the mental component score. The results of this study can become a reference guide that world assist clinical staffs in taking care of hemodialysis patients.

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