本論文旨在探討狄更斯（Charles Dickens）所著工業小說《艱難時世》（Hard Times, 1854）中的手足亂倫關係。本文將檢視小說中所暗示之手足亂倫與工業資本主義間的交互關係，並進而指出十九世紀資本主義社會實為造成此亂倫關係的主要因素之一。
本文第一部分著重於研究小說中所呈現的工業生產概念。此部分先從社會學的觀點檢視十九世紀工業發展對手足關係的影響，接著詳細說明格萊恩先生（Mr. Gradgrind）的教育制度和工業社會中生產模式的共通處，以及此關聯性如何導致露易莎（Louisa）及湯姆（Tom）的亂倫關係。論文第二部分進一步探討手足亂倫與工業資本主義間的交互關係。這部分引用人類學之研究，以闡明露易莎的婚姻實為一互惠之交換行為，旨在為格萊恩先生及邦得比先生（Mr. Bounderby）建立一長久的聯姻關係。再者，本文也將探討伴隨婚姻關係而來之亂倫禁忌，藉以了解狄更斯對此社會結盟的態度。最後，本文結論說明狄更斯藉由手足亂倫及工業資本主義的連結，以亂倫關係隱射當代嚴重的社會問題。

This thesis explores the theme of sibling incest in Charles Dickens’s industrial novel Hard Times (1854). It aims to examine the correlation, suggested in the novel, between sibling incest and industrial capitalism and to illustrate the nineteenth-century capitalist circumstances as a potential cause for sibling incest.
The first half of the thesis focuses on the representation of industrial production in the novel. It begins with a sociological investigation into the impacts of nineteenth-century industrial capitalism on sibling relationships. Then, it details how Mr. Gradgrind’s educational system resembles the mode of production in an industrial society and how his training eventually leads to Louisa and Tom’s incestuous relationship. The second half of the thesis further elaborates the correlation between sibling incest and industrial capitalism. With references to anthropological studies, Louisa’s marriage is shown to be a reciprocal exchange, aimed at constructing a lasting alliance between Mr. Gradgrind and Mr. Bounderby. Moreover, the incest prohibition, supposed to come after marriage, is examined to disclose Dickens’s attitude towards such a social alliance. Finally, the thesis concludes that, in connecting sibling incest with industrial capitalism, Dickens uses sibling incest as a symbol to expose the serious social problems of his time.

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