已經有研究指出蛋白質容易在具有過氧化酶、UV高能輻射等環境下發生氧化修飾，但很少人針對熱輻射能氧化修飾蛋白的特性甚至是應用進行研究。本研究利用僅利用高熱加熱氧化修飾牛血清蛋白(BSA)自組裝形成具有藍螢光特性的奈米蛋白顆粒，能夠藉由其獨特的光學特性標定癌細胞的。此外，在研究過程中發現經過氧化修飾的奈米蛋白顆粒會受到近紅外光(1064 nm)激活產生單態氧(1O2)並應用於光動力治療。接著，利用綠色的水熱法一步合成將四氯金酸鹽(HAuCl4)與牛血清白蛋白(Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA)結合產生具有近紅外螢光的光學特性的牛血清白蛋白包覆金奈米團簇(BSA/Au NCs)。在本文中會探討BSA/Au NCs中蛋白質的結構和Au NCs的組成。在研究過程中亦發現BSA/Au NCs也同樣具有受1064 nm激活產生1O2進行光動力治療的特性。我們利用抑制細胞輸送入核的方法來探討BSA/Au NCs進入細胞核的機制。另外，BSA/Au NCs不僅可以作為藥物載體攜載MB光敏藥物，還可以降低MB光敏藥物本身具有細胞毒性的缺點，順利將藥物送入細胞核之外，甚至能夠促進能量轉移提高1O2的產生，有效改善光動力治療效果。

Oxidative modification in proteins is occurred in usual when there are endo- and/or exogenous factors appeared, such as peroxidases, UV irradiation, and etc. In this study, we developed a simple thermal reaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein to increase the intrinsic blue fluorescence, relying on the increment of the reaction temperatures, upon 365 nm-UV light excitation. Intriguingly, these BSA proteins were self-assembled by thermal induced oxidation and aggregation leading to form ~28 nm particle. reaction. These BSA nanoparticle performed good biocompatibility, which was suitable for fluorescence bio-imaging application. Confocal microscopy determined the luminescent BSA nanoparticle allowing to delivery into nucleus of T24 cancer cell as a nucleus transporter. Such oxidatively modified BSA proteins can be activated by exposing visible at 405–530 nm and near-infrared at 660-1064 nm lights to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and applied to targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. In addition, the strong red emission of the BSA nanoparticle could be fabricated once the loading Au NCs into the BSA capture to from BSA/Au NC. The composition of BSA/Au NC was carefully examined. Similar to the heated BSA nanoparticles, BSA/Au NCs could be triggered by 1064 nm laser light to generate 1O. To clarify the mechanism of nucleus translocation found in BSA/Au, importin inhibitors were used and nuclear pore complexes (NPC) were blocked to prevent from active path of nucleus entry. Furthermore, it was discovered that BSA/Au NCs could not only be as a well photosensitizer carrier, but also was able to promote the 1O2 generation for improving the PDT effects.

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