| 研究生: |
郭姿伶 Kuo, Tzu-Ling |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台灣低體重兒出生後使用類固醇與神經發育副作用之相關性研究 Association of Postnatal Corticosteroids and Effects of Neurodevelopment in Low Birth Weight Infants in Taiwan |
| 指導教授: |
鄭靜蘭
Cheng, Ching-Lan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 臨床藥學與藥物科技研究所 Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 169 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 早產 、低體重兒 、出生後使用類固醇 、處方型態 、腦性麻痺 、神經發育 、全民健康保險研究資料庫 、台灣 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Low birth weight infants, postnatal corticosteroid, prescribing patterns, neurodevelopment, Taiwan |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:142 下載:5 |
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研究背景
研究發現類固醇的抗發炎作用,可以預防以及治療早產兒肺支氣管發育不全(bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD)。早產兒投予出生後類固醇(postnatal corticosteroids)的治療,在1990年左右最廣為使用,除增加BPD的治療成效,也降低了早產兒死亡率。不過,隨著早產兒的存活率上升,出生後類固醇對日後腦部發育的影響逐漸顯現,統計發現,曾經使用過出生後類固醇的早產兒,在腦性麻痺或神經發育異常的比例皆高於未使用者,因此,美國小兒科醫學會針對早產兒使用出生後類固醇的安全性及有效性提出建議:將類固醇用於出生7天以上且無法脫離機械性呼吸器的早產兒,使用前需仔細評估類固醇帶來的效益及風險。2002年公告使用建議之後,各國研究顯示,出生後類固醇的處方盛行率有下降趨勢,但台灣對早產兒出生後類固醇的處方型態變化卻知之甚少。
研究目的
希望藉由台灣健保資料的分析,對於台灣低體重兒使用類固醇的處方型態以及與神經發育相關性做初步的探討,期望提供第一線臨床醫護人員使用出生後類固醇之實證參考。
研究方法
本研究使用1999年至2010年全民健康保險資料庫,由於台灣並未有出生週數相關的診斷碼,故研究對象選定以ICD-9診斷碼有765.XX代表出生小於37週之早產低體重兒,分析1999年至2010年間,台灣醫師處方出生後類固醇的處方型態變化,分析處方盛行率、肺支氣管發育不良與處方盛行率之關係、類固醇投予途徑、成分、使用天數分析等。另外,追蹤1999年至2009年曾經使用過上述藥物的低體重兒,觀察24個月,分析類固醇的使用與腦性麻痺以及神經發育異常的關聯性。
研究結果
自1999年至2010年共73,606位符合收錄及排除條件的研究對象,共5,325人在出生後處方過類固醇,整體台灣在低體重兒處方盛行率有下降趨勢,1999年處方率平均為9.2%,至2010年則降為5.5%。肺支氣管發育不良的患者,類固醇處方盛行率亦有下降變化,由1999年65.0%降至2010年48.5%。分析使用途徑及成分,全身性投予以dexamethasone為主要處方成分,不過hydrocortisone的使用近年有增加現象。途徑方面,吸入性類固醇近年使用增加。
追蹤研究對象24個月的門診紀錄,觀察發現,使用過出生後類固醇,比未使用組在腦性麻痺發生風險比值為6.28倍[95%CI:5.73-6.90, P<0.0001],校正危險因子後風險為1.65倍[95% CI:1.48-1.84, P<0.0001]。存活曲線分析也達統計差異(log rank P<0.0001)。敏感性分析針對嚴格條件定義腦性麻痺、BPD患者、極低體重之BPD患者、追蹤72個月至學齡前的腦性麻痺存活曲線分析,排除出院後24個月內死亡者,合併出院後24個月內死亡或是腦性麻痺風險皆是相同結果。另外,本研究head-to-head比較吸入性類固醇與全身性類固醇,以及dexamethasone與hydrocortisone使用在腦性麻痺的診斷風險比值。結果顯示,使用吸入性類固醇者發生腦性麻痺的風險低於全身性類固醇。然而,與dexamethasone相較之下,使用hydrocortisone者日後被診斷腦性麻痺的風險則未達統計學差異HR 0.86 [95% CI: 1.63-1.18, P=0.3398]。
結論
台灣低體重兒使用出生後類固醇的處方盛行率有下降趨勢,顯示類固醇的使用趨向保守,符合國際治療趨勢。在類固醇的使用與神經發育也觀察到相關聯性,處方出生後類固醇的研究對象,在24個月內被診斷腦性麻痺、神經發育異常之比例皆高於未使用組。
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that use of postnatal corticosteroid treatment with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants should be judgment on the potential side effect of impaired neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in the use of postnatal corticosteroid over a 12-year period in preterm infants in Taiwan, and discuss the relationship between postnatal corticosteroids use and neurodevelopment. We used population-based nationwide claim database from 1999 to 2010 as materials. The data were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test, chi-square for categorical variable, t-test for continuous variable, cox proportional hazard model for risk adjustment and statistical significance was indicated by a p-value < 0.05.
A total of 73,606 infants with 5,325 postnatal corticosteroid prescriptions were analyzed. The overall prescription rate of steroids for infants decreased from 9.2% in 1999 to 5.5% in 2010 (P<0.0001). The overall prescription trend were similar in subgroup analysis. The use of postnatal corticosteroid did had a 1.65 times increased risk of cerebral palsy event compared to non-users. Inhaled steroid has 52% less risk than systemic steroid in cerebral palsy rate, adjusted HR 0.48 [95% CI: 0.32-0.74], P=0.0007. There was no statistically significant difference in safety of hydrocortisone use when compared to dexamethasone, adjusted HR 0.86 [95% CI: 0.63-1.18], P=0.3398.
The prevalence of postnatal steroid prescriptions in Taiwan had decreased. There did has some relationship between the use of postnatal corticosteroid and increase cerebral palsy risk.
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