台灣是個中小企業蓬勃發展的國家，中小企業不僅是我國經濟發展的基石，也是維護社會秩序最重要的力量。而身處於這個金融海嘯、人事精簡以及環境迅速變化的時代，有越來越多的人考慮是否應該要放手一搏，把未來決定在自己的手上。在上一世紀中最後幾十年，台灣靠著旺盛的創業精神與開放的競爭環境，創造了本身的經濟奇蹟，所以創業精神自然也成為學者研究的重點之一。
本研究旨在探討人格特質、產業環境、創業精神與創業績效之關係，以及組織結構如何對創業精神與創業績效產生干擾效果。主要分為三大問題分別為「影響創業精神之因素」、「創業精神對創業績效之影響」以及「組織結構對於創業精神對創業績效之干擾效果」。本研究試圖以系統性的方式來探討創業精神，讓後續之研究人員能夠藉由本研究瞭解創業精神之重要影響構面，並探討出更多影響創業精神之重要因素。此外，本研究本研究共發放300 份問卷，以台灣中小企業企業家為研究對象，有效回收樣本119 份，有效回收率為39%。本研究並進一步藉由因素分析、信度分析及迴歸分析針對研究假設進行驗證。而實證結果顯示創業家的人格特質對創業精神有正向且顯著的影響，當創業者其人格特質若是具有程度較高的外向性、情緒穩定性、親和性、勤勉正直性及經驗開放性時，其創業精神會愈佳。此外，產業環境對創業精神有正向且顯著的影響，在資源豐裕度、環境動態性及環境複雜度較高的程度之下，其創業精神會愈佳。另一方面，創業精神對創業績效有正向且顯著的影響，當創業家之創業精神在創新、預應、自主以及風險承擔能力的表現上愈來愈好，能夠改善公司績效。最後，正式化會增強創業精神與創業績效之正向關係，而集權化會減弱創業精神與創業績效之正向關係。
關鍵字︰人格特質、產業環境、創業精神、組織結構、創業績效

The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of entrepreneurship and the factors that affect the entrepreneurship. The study is also investigates at the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance and whether or not this relationship is
moderated by the organizational structure. The targets for this study are entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan.
300 questionnaires were sent out and 119 effective questionnaires were returned with effective recovery rate 39%. Factor and regression analysis are used to examine the hypotheses furthermore. The research results show that personality traits and Environment have positive effects on entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship also have positive effects on entrepreneurial performance . Finally, entrepreneurship-entrepreneurial performancerelationship is moderated by the organizational structure.
Key words: personality traits; environmental factors; entrepreneurship;organizationalstructure; entrepreneurial performance

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