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研究生： 陳彥婷
Chen, Yan-Ting
論文名稱： 生手與專家於設計流程上之設計行為差異研究
A Study on Comparing Design Behavior of Novice and Expert in Design Process
指導教授： 陳璽任
Chen, Hsi-Jen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系
Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 104
中文關鍵詞： 設計流程 、設計行為 、專家 、生手 、口語分析
外文關鍵詞： design process, design behavior, expert, novice, protocol analysis
相關次數： 點閱：273  下載：17 
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    • 設計，在許多產業中的重要性都在逐漸增長。其中，設計流程在一定程度上也可能主導著最後的設計成果。在執行設計流程時，專家設計師與生手設計師的工作方式以及設計行為有明顯的不同。為了可以更完整地了解兩者在設計流程中實際上的設計行為，本研究將會探討與比較兩者的行為差異。本研究採用放聲思考法獲取資訊以比較執行各個設計階段的執行順序、時間佔比以及出現次數。實驗結果以口語分析法去審視五位專家及五位生手兩者的質性以及量化資料。實驗結果發現生手與專家的設計行為的確存在著差異，因為能力、經驗、思維甚至是自信心的因素，都有可能造成彼此間的不同。大抵而言雖然專家與生手在執行各個設計階段時都呈現了反覆性，但此種反覆性是以不同的方式呈現。專家能夠在設計流程的早期就對設計做清楚的定義，因此他們在後面階段的表現可以比生手更穩定。而生手們在進行到後期的設計時，常跳回前面兩個階段去重新探索或定義，他們對自己的懷疑與信心的缺乏影響了他們在設計流程中的行為。此外，專家習慣於一邊查閱資訊，一邊為問題或解法作定義，當找到一個合理的設計概念且感到滿意，才會進一步開始設計。研究也發現專家比生手可以花更多的時間在「設計階段」上，因為專家可以根據他們本身的經驗與知識更精準地評估問題後執行設計。
    透過本研究的實驗結果，生手可以了解在執行5D Model設計流程上與專家的差異為何，可以更詳細地發現自身的困難點加以調整，並參考專家的設計行為，了解專家執行設計時的想法與作法，進而調整、溝通，達到更有效率的溝通與合作，進一步提升該設計師所在團隊或企業的合作力與競爭力。

    The importance of design is increasing in many industries. To some extent, the design process could dominate the outcome of the design. It is generally known that expert and novice designers work in different ways and also have various behaviors during the design process. In order to have a better understanding of how they behave during the design process, the objective of this paper is to explore the differences between experts and novices in their behaviors. The study adopted a protocol method to examine the sequence of the design phases and design activities, along with the amount of time spent and the number of occurrences. The results are revealed by protocol analysis with sequence maps and quantitative data. It should be noted that although the paths of experts and novices were both iterative, they were executed in different ways. The experts are able to make definitions earlier than the novices and having stable performances afterward. The novices tend to return to early phases all the time because they lack the confidence that experts have. The doubt of themselves influences the behaviors of the novices. Additionally, experts could spend more time on the Design phase than novices because they can evaluate the problems more precisely based on their experience and knowledge. The outcomes of this paper provide new insights for not only designers themselves but also educators and team managers of companies.

    摘要 ii SUMMARY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Research Objective 2 1.3 Research Question 3 1.4 Research Limitation 3 1.5 Research Structure 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Understanding of the Design Process 4 2.1.1 The Role of the Design Process 4 2.1.2 The Development of the Design Process 4 2.1.3 Summary 8 2.2 Expert and Novice Designers 8 2.2.1 Definition of Expert and Novice 8 2.2.2 Difference Between Expert and Novice 9 2.2.3 Summary 10 2.3 Discussion of the Research Method 10 2.3.1 Summary 11 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 12 3.1 Research Procedure 12 3.2 Participant Recruitment 12 3.3 Experiment Design 12 3.3.1 Experiment Procedure 12 3.3.2 Experimental Tools 13 3.3.3 Experiment Content 14 3.3.4 Data Analysis 14 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 16 4.1 Sequence of Phases in the Design Process 17 4.2 Occurrences and Time Spent of Phases in the Design Process 19 4.3 Design Behaviors in Each Phase 22 4.3.1 Sequence of Activities in Phases 22 4.3.2 Occurrences and Time Spent of Activities in Phases 26 4.4 Summary 33 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 38 5.1 The Differences of Sequence 38 5.2 The Differences of Time Investment and Continuity 41 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 43 6.1 Conclusion and Contribution 43 6.2 Recommendations for Future Study 44 Appendix A TRADITIONAL CHINESE VERSION 51 摘要 52 誌謝 53 目錄 54 表目錄 56 圖目錄 57 第1章 緒論 58 1.1 研究背景與動機 58 1.2 研究目的 59 1.3 研究問題 60 1.4 研究範圍與限制 60 1.5 研究流程與架構 60 第2章 文獻探討 61 2.1 設計流程之探討 61 2.1.1 設計流程的角色 61 2.1.2 設計流程之發展 61 2.1.3 小結 65 2.2 生手與專家之探討 65 2.2.1 生手與專家的定義 65 2.2.2 生手與專家的差異 66 2.2.3 小結 67 2.3 研究方法之探討 67 2.3.1 小結 68 第3章 研究方法 69 3.1 研究步驟 69 3.2 受測者篩選 69 3.3 實驗設計 69 3.3.1 實驗步驟 69 3.3.2 實驗內容 70 3.3.3 實驗器材 71 3.3.4 口語分析法 72 第4章 研究結果 73 4.1 各階段的順序 74 4.2 各階段的出現次數與時間長度 76 4.3 各階段中的設計行為 78 4.3.1 各階段中設計活動的順序 79 4.3.2 各階段中設計活動的出現次數與時間長度 82 4.4 小結 88 第5章 討論 93 5.1 執行順序性的差異 93 5.2 投入程度與持續性的差異 95 第6章 結論 97 6.1 結論與貢獻 97 6.2 後續研究建議 98 參考文獻 100

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