集水區內降雨量與逕流量之相互關係一直以來都是水文分析的重要一環，即當降雨來臨時，可利用降雨資料推求集水區之流量歷線與洪峰流量及時間，提供水資源工程應用在防災和工程規劃上。本研究在建立曾文水庫集水區降雨-逕流模式時，除了考量當地水文及地文基本資料外，更進一步地考慮中間流，探討其對整個集水區流出過程之影響，再進行模擬分析。降雨-逕流分析方法分為很多種，例如單位歷線法(Unit hydrograph)、運動波法(Kinematic wave)、貯蓄函數法(Storage function)及線性水庫法(Linear reservoir)等。本研究採用單位歷線法，單位歷線法過去常以矩陣法(Matrix)求解，但往往產生之單位歷線可能彰顯出不穩定之震盪，甚至有負值的產生，故本研究以線性規劃法(Linear Programming)求解。
　　為了進行逕流量重要組成探討，將逕流量分析分為兩個部分:基流分離與其餘之整體計算，並分別採用不同方法求解。基流過去最常使用直線法進行基流分離，但此方法忽略退水段對逕流量的影響，故本研究使用退水段方程式求取退水係數後，利用退水係數求得逐時之基流量變化，再與總逕流量分離;中間流與地表逕流部分，則將有效降雨計算式(NRCS)、水筒模式與單位歷線一併納入集水區模式進行模擬，求得集水區之中間流與各基期之最適單位歷線與地表逕流。
　　本研究以台灣南部地區曾文水庫集水區為案例研究，選用9場歷史暴雨事件，應用上述模擬方法，進行優選。有別於以往工程使用之單位歷線，本研究使用降雨時距為0.5小時進行模擬，並在各組成成分結果分析後，進一步地探討集水區之中間流過程，往後可配合完整降雨-逕流過程模擬，建置合理之單位歷線，供未來推估降雨所形成之流量過程。

The relationship between rainfall and runoff in watershed areas has always been an important part of hydrological analysis. When rainfall comes, its data can be used to estimate the runoff hydrograph, peak flow and peak time of the watershed area to provide water resources engineering applications in disaster prevention and engineering planning. Before the establishment of the rainfall-runoff model in the watershed area of Zengwun Reservoir, this study, in addition to considering the local meteorological, hydrological and geotextuological data, further instilled the interflow process and explored its impact on the outflow process of the entire watershed area. There are many types of analysis methods, such as Unit hydrograph, Kinematic wave, Storage function, and Linear reservoir. In this study, used the Unit hydrograph method. The unit hydrograph method always used to be solved by the Matrix method in the past. However, the unit hydrograph may often show unstable oscillations and even negative values. Therefore, this study uses the linear programming to simulate entire watershed area’s rainfall and runoff process.

In order to discuss the important composition of runoff, the runoff analysis is divided into two parts: base flow and interflow and surface runoff. After that,they are solved by different methods. The base flow used to use the straight line method for base flow separation. However, this method ignores the influence of the recession section on the runoff. Therefore, the recession equation is used to calculate the recession fator, and the recession fator is used to simulate the hourly baseflow; The interflow and the surface runoff part, the rainfall loss calculation method (NRCS), the water tank model and the unit hydrograph are included in the watershed model to simulate, and then the inteflow and the base period of the optimal watershed area unit hydrographs are obtained.

In this study, the Zengwun Reservoir watershed area in southern Taiwan was used as a case study. Nine historical typhoon events were selected and the above simulation methods were applied to optimize. Different from the unit hydrograph used in previous projects, this study attempts to simulate the different unit hydrograph definitions in the past. The rainfall duration is 0.5 hours. After analyzing the components, we will further explore the interflow of the watershed area. The flow process can be followed by a complete rainfall-runoff process simulation to establish a reasonable unit hydrograph for future estimation of the flow process formed by rainfall.

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