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研究生： 謝仁正
Hsieh, Jen-Cheng
論文名稱： 交換式電力系統之效率改善及動態分析：功率因數校正與柔性切換技術
Efficiency Improvement and Dynamics Analysis of a Switching Power System: Power Factor Correction and Soft Switching Technique
指導教授： 林鐘烲
Lin, Jong-Lick
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 149
中文關鍵詞： 切換式電力轉換器 、柔切技術 、脈寬調變 、變頻控制 、高功因 、次迴路回授控制器 、可調光 、自激式電子安定器 、小信號數學模式
外文關鍵詞： small-signal model, switching power converter, pulse-width modulation, dimming feature, high power factor, self-oscillating electronic ballast, soft-switching technique, variable-frequency control, minor-loop controller
相關次數： 點閱：142  下載：5 
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    • 一般電子產品的電力能源係由切換式電力轉換器提供，為了節約能源，切換式電力轉換器必須具備高功率因數與高轉換效率。此外，為了達到產品的穩定性及良好的輸出性能，則必須瞭解電力轉換器的特性，設計良好的控制器。故吾人在論文中提出單級隔離式高功因磁性開關ac/dc電力轉換器、嶄新單級並聯式返馳型高功因ac/dc電力轉換器、嶄新零電壓切換推挽式dc/dc電力轉換器，以及嶄新單級自激式可調光高功因之電子安定器。
    論文中將針對所提出之單級高功因電力轉換器，作詳細的電路分析，並利用平均化法(averaging method)推導小信號數學模式，再設計PI控制器與可變結構(variable structure)控制器，使輸出穩壓且不受輸入電壓與負載變動的影響。具可變結構控制器之電力轉換器，比具PI控制器之性能更有強健性。由於單級式高功因電力轉換器操作於DCM模式，具有高功因的特性。吾人依據電感電流均操作在不連續導通模式(DCM)的條件，設計轉換器之電感值。再由電容電壓漣波比的限制，設計轉換器之bulk電容值與輸出電容值。最後，根據設計的元件規格實作電力轉換器，並利用實驗結果驗證理論分析與模式推導之正確性，以及驗證閉迴路系統的整體效能。
    在柔切技術的應用上，吾人提出嶄新零電壓切換推挽式dc/dc電力轉換器，具有高轉換效率92 %。經由小信號數學模式，顯示所提出的推挽式電力轉換器較傳統推挽式電力轉換器具良好的穩定性。輸出電壓的次迴路回授(minor-loop feedback)控制器較傳統積分器加相位超前補償器，更不易受輸入電壓與負載變動的影響。
    最後本論文提出嶄新自激式電子安定器，同時應用脈寬調變(pulse-width modulation, PWM)及變頻控制(variable-frequency control)方式，使其同時具備高功因及可調光之功能，並成功的使用dual-input describing function (DIDF) method，嚴格證明所提出電子安定器操作於自激式振盪之穩定性。

    In general, electricity is supplied to electronic appliances by switching power converters. From an energy-saving point of view, a switching power converter is required to exhibit a high power factor and high power efficiency. Accordingly, a single-stage isolated HPFC converter with a magnetic switch, a novel single-stage parallel HPFC ac/dc flyback converter, a novel zero-voltage-switching PWM push-pull dc/dc converter, and a novel single-stage self-oscillating dimmable electronic ballast with HPFC are proposed in this thesis.
    The operating principles of the proposed single-stage HPFC power converters are presented in detail. Their small-signal models are derived using the averaging method. PI and variable structure controllers are designed to tightly regulate the output voltage in the presence of variations in the line voltage and load resistance. Notably, the proposed converter with a variable structure controller is more robust than that with a PI controller. Moreover, since the PFC cell of the proposed single-stage HPFC converters is operated in DCM, they inherently have a high power factor. The inductances of the proposed converters are thus designed to ensure that the inductor currents operate in DCM. In addition, the capacitances of the bulk and output capacitors in the proposed converters are designed to satisfy the specified ripple voltage percentages. Finally, the proposed converters are implemented based on the design specification. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis, mathematical model, and the performance of the overall system.
    Using the soft-switching technique, the proposed novel ZVS push-pull converter obtains a high power efficiency of 92 %. According to the small-signal models of the proposed converter, the dynamics of the ZVS-PWM push-pull converter is better than that of a conventional push-pull converter. Finally, the proposed converter with a minor-loop controller exhibits better output voltage regulation under various load variations than it with phase-lead-plus-integral controller.
    A novel single-stage self-oscillating electronic ballast with a dimming feature and a high power factor is proposed in the thesis. It is achieved using pulse-width modulation and variable-frequency control. The stability of the self-sustained oscillation is rigorously verified using the dual-input describing function (DIDF) method.

    Chinese Abstract I English Abstract II Acknowledgement IV Contents VIII List of Figures XII List of Tables XIX Notation and Abbreviations XX Chapter1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.1.1 Power Factor Correction Circuits 2 1.1.2 Switching Power Techniques 4 1.1.3 Single-Stage Electronic Ballast 6 1.2 Contributions 6 1.3 Organization 8 Chapter2 Power Efficiency and Stability Analysis 11 2.1 Power Factor 11 2.2 Soft Switching Converter 16 2.3 Describing Function Method 18 2.3.1 Describing Function (DF) Method 19 2.3.2 Dual-Input Describing Function (DIDF) Method 20 2.3.3 Stability Criterion of the Stable Limit Cycle 26 Chapter 3 Single-Stage Isolated HPFC Flyback Converter with a Magnetic Switch 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Operation Principle 31 3.3 Mathematical Model Derivation 36 3.4 Design Considerations 41 3.5 Model Validation 44 3.5.1 Average Power Balance Method 44 3.5.2 IsSpice Simulation Results 45 3.6 Experimental Results 46 3.7 Summary 48 Chapter 4 Novel Single-Stage Parallel HPFC AC/DC Flyback Converter 49 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Operation Principle 50 4.3 Mathematical Model Derivation 55 4.4 Design Considerations 58 4.5 Model Validation 60 4.6 Controller Design 62 4.7 Experimental Results 66 4.8 Summary 71 Chapter 5 Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Push-Pull DC/DC Converter 72 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Operation Principle 74 5.3 Design Considerations 86 5.4 Mathematical Model Derivation and Validation 89 5.5 Dynamics Comparison with Conventional Push-Pull Converter 93 5.6 Controllers Design 94 5.7 Simulation and Experimental Results 97 5.8 Summary 102 Chapter 6 Novel Single-Stage Self-Oscillating Dimmable Electronic Ballast with HPFC 103 6.1 Introduction 104 6.2 Analysis of the Power Factor Correction Stage 105 6.2.1 Power Factor Correction Stage 105 6.2.2 Design Considerations 108 6.3 Proposed Self-Oscillating Dimmable Electronic Ballast 108 6.3.1 Operating Principle 109 6.3.2 Design of Resonant Elements 110 6.4 Stability of Self-Oscillating Dimmable Electronic Ballast 113 6.4.1 Circuit Mode 113 6.4.2 DIDF Method 115 6.4.3 Stability of Equilibrium Limit Cycle State 122 6.5 Experimental Results 127 6.5 Summary 131 Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 132 7.1 Conclusions 132 7.2 Recommendations for Further Work 133 Bibliography 135 Publication List 147 Vita 149

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