在本論文研究中以明膠奈米粒子做為模版和釓金屬前驅物進行水解縮合反應，在表面生成釓金屬錯合物後，經由空氣下440 ℃鍛燒處理，再經氮氣下600 ℃退火處理，經由兩階段熱處理過程，成功製備出Gd2O3/C中空奈米球，由於Gd2O3/C表面之碳材本身為疏水材質，因此選用高分子聚苯乙烯順丁烯二酸(poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)，PSMA)來修飾Gd2O3/C中空奈米球表面，增加Gd2O3/C的親水性。此外，由於Gd2O3/C中空奈米球有石墨碳存在，使得材料在近紅外光區具有吸收特性，其808 nm之吸收係數為1563 M-1cm-1，進而由溶液升溫實驗中，證實Gd2O3/C中空奈米球具將光能轉變成熱能的效能。同時在本論文研究中，同樣以明膠粒子做為模板，利用溶膠凝膠法製備出(Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3、(Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au等中空奈米球材料，其中(Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au具有金奈米粒子存在，因此在近紅外光區波段會具有吸收特性。本篇所製備出的Gd2O3/C、(Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au中空奈米球材料可在MRI顯影上有所表現，同時具有光熱轉換的性質可被應用於癌症治療方面，因此為一種具有MRI顯影與光熱治療效果的多功能性材料，未來可預期作為新式MRI顯影與光熱治療雙功能的「診」「療」試劑。

In this study, the dual function Gd2O3/C nanoshells were prepared using biological gelatin particles as templates (~385.8 nm) through a two-step thermal treatment of calcination at 440 oC in air, followed by an annealing process at 600 oC under N2. The surface of Gd2O3/C nanoshells could be readily modified with PSMA polymers to form water-dispersible Gd2O3/C@PSMA nanoshells. It is well-known that Gd2O3 nanoparticles could promise and demonstrate a positive contrast effect for T1-weighted imaging. The generation of graphite carbon coated on Gd2O3 nanoshells resulted in a characteristic absorption in the near-infrared region. A large extinction coefficient was obtained as 1563 M-1cm-1 at 808 nm, indicating the potential of the nanoshells as photothermal agents. Furthermore, this synthetic strategy using biological gelatin particles as templates could be readily applied to form (Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3 and (Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au nanoshells, and the property of photo- to-thermal conversion was also observed in (Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au nanoshells. Both multifunctional nanomaterials,Gd2O3/C and (Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3/Au nanoshells, which can be expected to improve MRI monitoring and photothermal cancer therapy, were be useful for local therapy of tumor without affecting damage for surrounding healthy tissues and were applied to be new multifunctional therapeutic agents.

01.Ohmori, M.; Matijevic, E. J. Colloid Interface Sci.
1992, 150, 594.
02.Wilcox, D. L.; Berg, M.; Bernat, T.; Kellerman, D.;
Cochran, J. K.(eds) (1995)Hollow and solid spheres and
microspheres: science and technology associatedwith
their fabrication and application, vol.372.Materials
Research Society Proceedings, Pittsburgh.
03.Cochran, J. K. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci.
1998, 3, 474.
04.Caruso, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 413.
05.Radloff, C.; Vaia, R. A.; Brunton, J.; Bouwer, G. T.;
Ward, V. K. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1187.
06.Knez, M.; Kadri, A.; Wege, C.; Gosele, U.; Jeske, H.;
Nielsch, K. Nano Lett., 2006, 6,1172.
07.Langevin, D. Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 255.
08.Jang, J.; Ha, H. Langmuir 2002, 18, 5613.
09.Ren, T. Z.; Yuan, Z. Y.; Su, B. L. Chem. Phys. Lett.
2003, 374, 170.
10.Wong, M. S.; Cha, J. N.; Choi, K.; Deming, T. J.;
Stucky, G. D. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 583.
11.Iler, R. K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1966, 21, 569.
12.Caruso, F.; Caruso, R. A.; Mohwald, H. Science 1998,
282, 1111.
13.Caruso, F.; Donath, E.; Mohwald, H. J. Phys. Chem. B.
1998, 102, 2011.
14.Sukhorukov, G. B.; Donath, E.; Davis, S.; Lichtenfeld,
H.; Caruso, F.; Popov, V.I.;Mohwald, H. Polym. Adv.
Technol. 1998, 9, 759.
15.Caruso, F. Top. Curr. Chem. 2003, 227, 145.
16.Seiji Shinkai et al. , Angew. Chem.Int.Ed. 2003, 42,
980.
17.Park, M. K.; Xia, C.; Advincula, R. C.; Schutz,P.;
Caruso, F. Langmuir 2001,17, 7670.
18.Fleming, M. S.; Mandal, T. K.; Walt, D. R. Chem.
Mater. 2001, 13, 2210.
19.Dislich, Angewandt Chemie, 1971,10,363
20.Park, S. H.; Qin, D.; Xia, Y. Adv. Mater. 1998, 10,
1028.
21.Gates, B.; Qin, D.; Xia, Y. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11,
466.
22.Yin, Y.; Lu, Y.; Gates, B.; Xia, Y. Chem. Mater.
2001, 13, 1146.
23.Sun, Y.; Xia, Y. Science 2002, 298, 2176.
24.Sun, Y.; Xia, Y. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 5297.
25.Sun, Y.; Mayers, B. T.; Xia, Y. Nano Lett.2002, 2,
481.
26.Sun, Y.; Mayers, B. T.; Xia, Y. Adv. Mater.2003, 15,
641.
27.Yadong Yin, Robert M. Rioux, Can K. Erdonmez,Steven
Hughes, Gabor A. Somorjai,and A. Paul Alivisatos
Science ,2004, 304, 711
28.Su,C.H.; Sheu, H.S.; Lin, C.Y.; Huang, C.C.; Lo,
Y.W.; Pu, Y.C.; Weng,J.C.; Shieh, D.B.; Chen,
J.H.; Yeh, C.S., J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007,129 ,2139 .
29.Hotz, J.; Meier, W. Langmuir 1998, 14, 1031.
30.I-Fang Li, Chia-Hao Su, Hwo-Shuenn Sheu, Hui-Chi
Chiu, Yi-Wei Lo, Wei-Ting Lin,Jyh-Horng Chen,Chen-Sheng
Yeh,Advanced Functional Materials, 2008, 28, 766
31.Yi-Xiang J. wang, Shahid M. Hussain, Gabriel P.
Krestin, Eur.Radiol.2000, 112319
32.Brasch R.C.,A subject reveiw. Radiology,
1983,147,781.
33.Brasch R.C.et al.,. Radiology, 1983,147,773.
34.Brasch R.C.Ehman and Wesbye G.E. Radiology,
1983,149,99.
35.Runge V. M. et al. AJR Am J Roentgenol ,1983,141 ,943 .
36.Mattrey R. F.et al. AJR Am J Roentgenol,1987,148 ,1259 .
37.R. Weissleder, Nat. Biotechnol. 2001,19,316.
38.H. Liao, J. H. Hafner, Chem. Mater. 2005,17,4636.
39.J. Kim, S. Park, J. E. Lee, S. M. Jin, J. H.Lee, I. S.
Lee, I. Yang, J. S. Kim, S. K. Kim,M. H. Cho, T. Hyeon,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2006, 45, 7754.
40.D. P. O’Neal, L. R. Hirsch, N. J. Halas, J. D.
Payne, J. L. West, Cancer Letters 2004, 209,171.
41.Nadine Wong Shi Kam, Michael O’Connell, Jeffrey A.
Wisdom, and Hongjie Dai. PNAS , 2005, 102,11600.
42.Seo W.S. et al., Nature Materials,5, 971-976.
43.G. Mie, Ann. Physik, 1908, 25, 377.
44.S. Link, M. B. Mohamed, M. A. El-Sayed, J. Phys.
Chem. B, 1999, 103, 3073.
45.P. K. Jain, K. S. Lee, I. H. El-Sayed, M. A. El -
Sayed, J. Phys. Chem. B 2006 ,110 ,7238 .
46.B. T. Draine, P. J. Flatau, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
1994,11 ,1491 .
47.S. J. Oldenburg, R. D. Averit, S. L.Westcott, N.
J.Halas, Chem.Phys. Lett. 1998,288 , 243 .
48.Ferrari, A. C.; Robertson, J. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61,
14095
49.Huang C.C., Tzu-Yu Liu, Chia- Hao Su, Yi-Wei Lo,Jyh-
Horng Chen and Chen-Sheng Yeh,Chem.Mater.2008,20,3840.
50.Wang, D., Li, Z.-C.; Chen, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc,
2006,128,15078.
51.V. Sanches Escribano et al.,Solid State
Science,2003,5,1481.
52.J.Boyero Macstre et al. International Jourmal of
Inorganic Materials,2001,3,889.
53.Jing,Z.H.,Wu,S.H.,Materials Chemistry and
Physics,2005,9,600.
54.Xiaoge Hu, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 853.
55.Xing Lu, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 2416.