簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 劉俊毅
Liu, Chun-Yii
論文名稱： 水波獵能器之原型系統建置與實驗測試
Prototype System Development and Experimental Testing of Water-Wave Energy Harvester
指導教授： 楊天祥
Yang, Tian-Shiang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 84
中文關鍵詞： 波浪能 、水波獵能 、造波器 、原型系統建置 、共振
外文關鍵詞： Ocean-wave energy, Water-wave energy harvesters, Wavemaker, Prototype construction, Resonance matching
相關次數： 點閱：152  下載：8 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 為了因應環境保護之相關議題諸如減少二氧化碳排放量及天然資源的匱乏等等，再生能源已經成為各國最重要的發展項目之一，其中，波浪能又因為其具有之高能量密度，加上我國四面環海之天然地理優勢，而具備相當值得開發的條件和必要性。
    在本研究的水波獵能原型系統建置中，我們建立了可調控激振頻率之造波器和包含可變實驗參數的獵能器系統，藉由適當調整獵能系統中的附加質量、獵能板入水深度以及獵能板轉動軸的垂直偏移量，獵能系統的自然頻率可以隨之有不同程度的降低。根據台灣的實際海岸資訊及海象資料，我們進行了原型系統的相似性分析，而將造波器的激振頻率設定在 2.4 Hz（低於獵能系統可調至的最低自然頻率），此激振頻率之下所造出的水波可以和水波傳遞理論中的頻率和波長之關係相互驗證。
    本研究目的欲利用獵能裝置的自然頻率和造波器激振頻率之匹配下所引發的共振，並藉由量測獵能板之最大和平均振幅以評估系統的響應，我們發現當獵能板之自然頻率隨入水深度增加而降低，並逐漸接近造波器之激振頻率，此時獵能板的最大及平均振幅有較大幅度地增加；在同樣的激振條件下，改變未附加任何寬板的獵能板之轉動軸偏移量使其自然頻率漸減，隨著自然頻率降低而接近造波器激振頻率，其振幅也有變大的趨勢。

    Nowadays, renewable energy is one of the most important developments worldwide in order to cope with the global trend of reducing carbon emission and environmental protection such as rapid depletion of natural resources. And among which, ocean-wave energy is worth-developing because of its high energy density and the naturally geographic advantages of our country.
    In constructing the prototype of water-wave energy harvester, a wavemaker with adjustable impacting frequency and energy harvester system with variable parameters were built. By altering attached weights on harvester, depth of harvester paddle into water and offset of rotational axis of harvester paddle, its natural frequency could decrease accordingly. For the forcing, the wavemaker’s impacting frequency of 2.4 Hz, which is lower than the lowest adjusted value of harvester natural frequency, was set based on the similarity analysis of the real coastal information in Taiwan. And the water wave generated by wavemaker was matched with dispersion relation of propagating wave.
    Our purpose is to utilize the resonance matching of the two frequencies which generates maximum amplitude of motion. As the system response with forcing, the maximum and average amplitudes of harvester paddle were measured and analyzed. It was found that as natural frequency of harvester paddle dropped closer to that of forcing with more immersion water depth, the amplitudes increased largely. For harvester paddle without additional widened plate, the amplitudes also increased as natural frequency of paddle declined and came closer to forcing frequency with upper offset of rotational axis.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii Content iv List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Nomenclature xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Literature review 3 1.2.1 Water-wave energy convertors (WECs) 3 1.2.2 Wavemaker 6 1.2.3 Energy transducer 7 1.3 Motivation and objectives 11 1.4 Research and thesis structure 12 Chapter 2 Theoretical Background 13 2.1 Theory for wavemaker design 13 2.2 Working principle of voice coil motor (VCM) 16 2.2.1 VCM as actuator 16 2.2.2 VCM as energy transducer 18 Chapter 3 Methodology for Experiments 19 3.1 Similarity analysis of the prototype system 19 3.2 Experimental setup of wavemaker 23 3.3 Harvester design and construction 29 3.4 Calibration and model construction of harvester system 32 3.4.1 Calibration of laser displacement sensor 34 3.4.2 Testing with spring for VCM model 37 3.4.3 VCM model by digital signal of laser displacement sensor 41 3.5 Experimental planning and preparation 44 3.5.1 Natural frequency of harvester system with changing depth of the paddle into water 44 3.5.2 Natural frequency of harvester paddle with changing height of the rotational axis 49 3.5.3 Response of harvester system with forcing 50 3.6 Experimental procedures 54 3.6.1 Natural frequency of harvester system with changing depth of the paddle into water 55 3.6.2 Natural frequency of harvester paddle with changing height of the rotational axis 57 3.6.3 Response of harvester system with forcing as depth into water increases 59 3.6.4 Response of harvester system with forcing as height of paddle axis position increases 61 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 62 4.1 Performance of wavemaker 62 4.1.1 Consistency for cases with or without immersion of water 62 4.1.2 Check with dispersion relation 63 4.2 Natural frequency of the harvester system 66 4.2.1 Natural frequency of harvester system with changing depth of the paddle into water 66 4.2.2 Natural frequency of harvester paddle with different and 68 4.2.3 Natural frequency of harvester paddle with changing height of the rotational axis 73 4.3 Response of harvester system with forcing 75 4.3.1 Response of harvester system with forcing as depth into water increases 75 4.3.2 Response of harvester system with forcing as height of paddle axis position increases 77 Chapter 5 Conclusions 81 5.1 Concluding remarks 81 5.1.1 Wavemaker 81 5.1.2 Natural frequency of harvester system 81 5.1.3 Response of harvester system with forcing 82 5.2 Future works 83 5.2.1 More complete optimization 83 5.2.2 Works of electrical circuits 83 5.2.3 Power output and conversion efficiency 83 5.2.4 Construction of system dynamics model 84 Reference I Appendix VI

    [1] A. Clément, P. McCullen, A. Falcão, A. Fiorentino, F. Gardner, K. Hammarlund, G. Lemonis, T. Lewis, K. Nielsen, S. Petroncini, M. T. Pontes, P. Schild, B. O. Sjöström, H. C. Sørensen and T. Thorpe (2002), “Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 6, pp. 405~431.
    [2] WWF-Philippines (2014), Building Momentum for Low Carbon Development in the Philippines, Philippines: WWF-Philippines.
    [3] C. M. Dent (2013), “Wind energy development in East Asia and Europe,” Asia Eur J, 11, pp. 211~230.
    [4] T. W. Thorpe (2000), “The wave energy programme in the UK and the European wave energy network,” Proceedings of the 4th European wave energy conference, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 19~27.
    [5] A. F. O. de Falcão (2010), “Wave energy utilization: a review of the technologies,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, pp. 899~918.
    [6] T. V. Heath (2012), “A review of oscillating water columns,” Philos Trans R Soc A, 370, pp. 235~245.
    [7] M. Folley, R. Curran and T. Whittaker (2006), “Comparison of LIMPET contra-rotating wells turbine with theoretical and model test predictions,” Ocean Eng, 33, pp. 1056~1069.
    [8] Y. Torre-Enciso, I. Ortubia, L. I. López de Aguileta and J. Marqués (2009), Mutriku wave power plant: from the thinking out to the reality,” Proceedings of the 8th European wave and tidal energy conference, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 319~329.
    [9] B. M. Count and D. V. Evans (1984), “The influence of projecting sidewalls on the hydrodynamic performance of wave-energy devices,” J Fluid Mech, 145, pp. 361~376.
    [10] Z. Chen, H. Yu, M. Hu, G. Meng and C. Wen (2013), “A review of offshore wave energy extraction system,” Adv Mech Eng, 623020.
    [11] J. Falnes (1999), “Wave-energy conversion through relative motion between two single-mode oscillating bodies,” ASME J Offshore Mech Arct Eng, 121, pp. 32~38.
    [12] R. Yemm, D. Pizer, C. Retzler and R. Henderson (2012), “Pelamis: experience from concept to connection,” Philos Trans R Soc A, 370, pp. 365~380.
    [13] H. He, Q. Qu and J. Li (2013), “Numerical simulation of section systems in the Pelamis wave energy converter,” Adv Mech Eng, 5, 186056.
    [14] S. Hazra, S. Bhattacharya, K. K. Uppalapati and J. Bird (2012), “Ocean energy power take-off using oscillating paddle,” Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition, Raleigh, NC, pp. 407~413.
    [15] Y. Gu, L. Zhao, J. Huang and B. Wang (2012), “The principle, review and prospect of wave energy converter,” Adv Mater Res, pp. 347~353:3744~3749.
    [16] T. Hald, E. Friis-Madsen and J. P. Kofoed (2002), “Hydraulic behaviour of the floating wave energy converter wave dragon,” Proceedings of the 10th Congress of International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, Crete, Greece, pp. 103.
    [17] J. P. Kofoed, P. Frigaard, E. Friis-Madsen and H. C. Sørensen (2006), “Prototype testing of the wave energy converter wave dragon,” Renew Energy, 31, pp. 181~189.
    [18] P. H. Chen and T. S. Yang (2018), “Performance analysis of a water tank with oscillating walls for wave energy harvesting,” J. Eng. Math., 111 (1), pp. 165~189.
    [19] T. Havelock (1929), “LIX. Forced surface-waves on water,” The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 8 (51), pp. 569~576.
    [20] F. Biesel and F. Suquet (1951), “Les appareils générateurs de houle en laboratoire,” La houille blanche, 5, pp. 723~737.
    [21] J. Billingham and A. C. King (2000), Wave motion, Cambridge University Press.
    [22] E. Kennard (1949), “Generation of surface waves by a moving partition,” Q. Appl. Math, 7 (3), pp. 303~312.
    [23] O. S. Madsen (1970), “Waves generated by a piston-type wavemaker,” Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1 (12).
    [24] M. J. C. Murray (1976), “On the capillary-gravity wavemaker problem,” Acta Mechanica, 24 (3-4), pp. 289~295.
    [25] F. Ursell, R. G. Dean and Y. Yu (1960), “Forced small-amplitude water waves: a comparison of theory and experiment,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 7 (01), pp. 33~52.
    [26] N. Webber and T. Havelock (1977), “The Generation of Periodic Waves in a Laboratory Channel: A Comparison between Theory and Experiment,” ICE Proceedings, Thomas Telford.
    [27] M. Patel and P. Ionnaou (1980), “Comparative performance study of paddle-and wedge-type wave generators,” Journal of Hydronautics, 14 (1), pp. 5~9.
    [28] G. Gilbert, D. Thompson and A. Brewer (1971), “Design curves for regular and random wave generators,” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 9 (2), pp. 163~196.
    [29] E. O. Torres and G. A. Rincón-Mora (2008), “Energy-Harvesting System-in-Package Microsystem,” Journal of Energy Engineering, December, 134, pp. 121~129.
    [30] S. Priya (2007), “Advances in energy harvesting using low profile piezoelectric transducers,” Journal of Electroceramics, Sep, 19, pp. 165~182.
    [31] S. Roundy, E. S. Leland, J. Baker, E. Carleton, E. Reilly, E. Lai, B. Otis, J. M. Rabaey, P. K. Wright, and V. Sundararajan (2005), “Improving power output for vibration-based energy scavengers,” Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., January/March, 4, pp. 28~36.
    [32] H. Külah and K. Najafi (2008), “Energy Scavenging from Low-Frequency Vibrations by Using Frequency Up-Conversion for Wireless Sensor Applications,” Journal of IEEE Sensors, 8, pp. 261~268.
    [33] D. P. Arnold (2007), “Review of Microscale Magnetic Power Generation,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43, pp. 3940~3951.
    [34] C. B. Williams and R. B. Yates (1996), “Analysis of a micro-electric generator for microsystems,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 52.1, pp. 8~11.
    [35] W. J. Li, P. H. W. Leong, T. C. H. Hong, H. Y. Wong and G. M. H. Chan (2000), “Infrared signal transmission by a laser-micromachined vibration-induced power generator,” Proc. 43rd IEEE Midwest Symp. Circuits and Systems, Lansing, Michigan, pp. 236~239.
    [36] M. E. Hami, P. G. Jones, N. M. White, M. Hill, S. Beeby, E. James, A. D. Brown and J. N. Ross (2001), “Design and fabrication of a new vibration-based electromechanical power generator,” Sensors and Actuators A, 92, pp. 335~342.
    [37] H. Kulah and K. Najafi (2004), “An electromagnetic micro power generator for low-frequency environmental vibrations,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. MEMS, pp. 237~240.
    [38] K. Sasaki, Y. Osaki, J. Okazaki, H. Hosoka, and K. Itao (2005), “Vibration-Based Automatic Power-Generation System,” Micosyst Technol, 11, pp. 965~969.
    [39] D. Spreemann, Y. Manoli, B. Folkmer, and D. Mintenbeck (2006), “Non-resonant Vibration Conversion,” J. Micromech. Microeng, 16, pp. 169~173.
    [40] H. H. Huang and K. S. Chen (2016), “Design, analysis, and experimental studies of a novel PVDF-based piezoelectric energy harvester with beating mechanisms,” Sensors and Actuator A: Physical, Feb, 238, pp. 317~328.
    [41] I. G. Currie (2002), Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids (3rd ed.), CRC Press.
    [42] H. H. Kuo (2013) “Vibration Energy Harvesting and Control of Compliant Structures with Voice Coil Actuators”, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
    [43] D. J. Griffiths (1999), Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    [44] Central Weather Bureau (2018), Data Buoy Observation Data Annual Report 2016, Taiwan: Central Weather Bureau.

    下載圖示 校內：立即公開
    校外：立即公開
    QR CODE