研究背景與目的: 糖尿病神經病變疼痛是糖尿病患者最常出現的併發症。糖尿病神經病變常常伴隨著機械痛敏感，偶發性伴隨熱痛覺敏感，該並發症嚴重影響糖尿病患者的日常生活。較低於體溫的水溫以及游泳運動都能夠幫助改善神經病變疼痛，並且保護神經免受損傷。既往研究大多都是於正常溫度的水溫下（35±1℃）進行游泳運動訓練，但是在室溫水(25±1℃)進行的游泳運動訓練所帶來的成效並不為人所知。這篇研究的目的在於探討在室溫水進行游泳運動訓練是否能夠改善患有神經病變疼痛的糖尿病鼠的疼痛程度。
方法：糖尿病神經病變疼痛經由鏈脲佐菌素藥物誘導SD大鼠產生，機械痛以及熱痛覺敏感由von-frey filaments和plantar test進行測量。大鼠隨機分成三組，分別是糖尿病運動組，糖尿病靜態組，假手術組。糖尿病運動組大鼠與誘導後第十一天在恆溫泳池進行一次60分鐘，一周五次，為期四周的運動訓練，即時給予輔助設備防止動物溺斃，行為測試在每次運動訓練後的2小時以及24小時進行測量。四周游泳運動結束並在最後一次後測結束後，犧牲動物並取下樣品組織進行後續Western blot以及ELISA的分析。
結果：游泳訓練的止痛效果相較於運動後2小時,運動後的24小時更為明顯，四周的游泳訓練之後，糖尿病運動組相對於糖尿病靜態組在機械痛敏感有明顯的改善。促發炎物質IL-1β在坐骨神經中，運動組表達含量明顯低於糖尿病靜態組，而抗發炎物質IL-10在背根神經節中，運動組明顯高於糖尿病組。
結論：在室溫下的游泳運動訓練能夠緩解糖尿病神經病變所導致的機械痛敏感，並且能夠降低促發炎物質IL-1β的表達以及增加抗發炎物質IL-10的表達。

Objectives: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes. PDN is typically express by mechanical and/or thermal hypersensitivity, which reduce the patients’ quality of life. Swimming exercise and a lower body temperature have benefits to attenuate neuropathic pain and to protect the nerve from damage, respectively. The previous study demonstrated the antiallodynic effect of swimming training in normal temperature (35±1℃) water, but the effect of swimming training in room temperature (25±1℃) water remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of swimming in room-temperature water in rats with PDN.
Method: PDN was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical and thermal sensitivities were measured by von Frey filament and plantar test, respectively. The mechanical behavior test was calculated, if -D2 or -D1/D10 <1.2, the rats were drop out. Animals swam in a temperature-controlled swimming pool (25±1℃) for 4 weeks began at D11, assistance were given when necessary to prevent drowning, and neurobehavior tests were performed before swimming, 2 hours, and 24 hours after swimming. When 4-week swimming exercise finished, after the post behavior test of the last swimming training, animals were sacrificed and collected the sample for western blot and ELISA analysis.
Result: The antiallodynic effect was observed better at 24 hours than 2 hours after swimming. After 4-week exercise training, the mechanical hypersensitivity was alleviated than DM group. The expression of HSP70 in sciatic nerve and CIRP in spinal cord were higher in DM-Ex group. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β has significant lower in DM-Ex in sciatic nerve and DRG. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significant higher in DM-Ex group than DM group in DRG.
Conclusion: Swimming exercise in room water temperature can reduce the mechanical sensitivity of diabetic rats with neuropathy pain by increase the expression of HSP70 and CIRP, reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

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