研究背景：隨著電子科技與媒體快速進步以及網路發展不斷變化，現今的孩童在室內使用電子產品的時間變多，進而導致孩童產生了久坐的生活型態。因此，對於改善孩童適應環境變化的能力及孩童時期的運動相關之議題逐漸被大眾所重視與關注。而認知彈性與創造力與適應變化的能力相關，競技體適能則是評估運動能力的重要標準。近幾年已有許多研究證實運動可以改善孩童的生理與心理的健康，尤其是參與足球這類型的團隊運動是有益於認知功能的運作。然而足球對孩童的認知功能、體適能及運動表現之間的關聯仍需要更多研究的探討。因此，本研究嘗試透過孩童的足球經驗與競技體適能表現、足球技能表現、認知彈性能力、創造力等方面之相關性以了解孩童參與足球訓練與其運動競技表現與環境適應能力之關聯。
研究目的：本研究主要探討孩童足球運動員競技體適能、足球技能、認知彈性、創造力之表現與足球經驗之關聯性。
研究方法：本研究於臺南市招募符合資格的參與者共23位，年齡範圍落在9至12歲，為就讀國小三年級至國小六年級的男性孩童，足球經驗是根據其從事足球運動訓練的年份（球齡）以及每週參與訓練之時間進行評估，並且測量足球表現相關之競技體適能項目，包括：Y字平衡、孩童身體協調、Illinois敏捷、20公尺衝刺、立定跳遠、20公尺漸進式有氧心肺耐力跑等測驗；足球技能則是以ICODT-BALL盤球測驗來進行足球盤球技能表現之評估；以新編語文創造思考測驗（竹筷子的不尋常用途）和威廉斯創造力傾向測量表兩份問卷進行創造力測驗；認知彈性則是以修改後的電腦變形版尺寸變更卡片分類測驗 (dimensional change card sort test，簡稱DCCS) 認知作業進行。研究結果以皮爾森相關分析各項競技體適能與盤球測驗、足球技能評估、兩份創造力問卷的各項因素、認知彈性測驗的行為資料與孩童從事足球運動訓練的經驗之相關性。
研究結果：根據參與者的基本資料描述性統計顯示，參與者年齡約為10 ± 0.74歲，BMI約為17.55 ± 2.13，參與足球訓練之年份約為3.57 ± 1.79年，每週足球訓練時間約為270 ± 115.12分鐘。另一方面，根據相關分析的結果發現，每週訓練時間與協調性測驗之MQ (r = .65, p < .001)、立定跳遠距離 (r = .49, p = .017) 呈現顯著正相關，以及與ICODT-BALL盤球測驗秒數呈現顯著負相關 (r = -.46, p = .027)。然而認知彈性測驗當中之正確率、反應時間成本與足球經驗皆沒有呈現顯著相關性。儘管如此，但仍可透過認知彈性之轉換時的正確率與想像力 (r = .50, p = .016)，以及轉換成本與變通力 (r = -.62, p = .002) 之相關性推測出可能的關聯。最後，透過分析足球經驗與創造力的相關結果也發現，球齡與創造力中的變通力得分呈現顯著正相關 (r = .42, p = .045)，且盤球技能測驗秒數與想像力 (r = -.47, p = .024)、流暢力 (r = -.56, p = .006) 及變通力 (r = -.68, p < .001) 得分呈現顯著負相關。
研究結論：本研究證實，盤球技能、協調性、瞬發力皆與足球經驗有關聯，這三項能力之表現可以為未來評估孩童選手足球能力與運動表現的參考指標提供建議。除了競技體適能之外，孩童之創造力也是與孩童選手表現相關的一個重要因素。在各項創造力指標當中，「變通力」為一參考指標，因為變通力較好的孩童在適應變化上僅需要花費較少的時間、精力進行轉換，也與足球經驗、足球技能有正向關聯性。再者，「想像力」也是一個相關因素。想像力也與足球技能有正向關聯性。並且，想像力較好的孩童面對環境發生變化時，依然能夠透過多元視角與腦海中想像做出正確之判斷。未來可以選擇透過這些面向對孩童進行評估。綜上所述，可以看出孩童足球選手在訓練經驗、體適能、認知彈性、創造力皆有可能與孩童足球選手的運動表現相關，本研究結果可以為未來評估孩童足球選手運動表現之評量方式提供建議。

Background: Children’s ability to adapt to environmental changes and childhood sports have been paid more attention by the public. Cognitive flexibility is related to creativity and the ability to adapt to changes, and skill-related fitness is an important criterion for evaluating athletic ability. Many studies have confirmed that soccer is beneficial to improve cognitive functions. However, the associations between soccer and children’s cognitive function, physical fitness and sports performance still need more research to explore. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the relationships.
Purpose: The study was to investigate the associations between the performance of preadolescent soccer players’ skill-related fitness, soccer skill, cognitive flexibility, creativity and training experience.
Methods: The study recruited 23 participants aged 9 to 12 years old. We measured their basic information, soccer training experience, skill-related fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, soccer skill, cognitive flexibility, and creativity. The results of the study were analyzed by Pearson correlation.
Results: The results showed that training experience had a significant correlation with the coordination (r = .65, p < .001), power (r = .49, p = .017), flexibility (r = .42, p = .045), and soccer skill (r = -.46, p = .027). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between switching accuracy and imagination (r = .50, p = .016), also switching cost and flexibility (r = -.62, p = .002).
Conclusion: This study found that training experience, physical fitness, cognitive flexibility, and creativity of child soccer players may be related to the athletic performance of child soccer players.

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