職業噪音(Occupational noise)已成為最普遍以及最嚴重的職場健康危害因子之一，我國針對職業噪音的暴露雖訂有法規，但缺乏標準的噪音暴露評估技術，以至於難以有效評估職業噪音暴露以便進行後續之管理與控制。綜觀現今的噪音暴露評估方法主要以相似暴露群(Similar exposure groups, SEG)為基礎，並建立在群體的噪音暴露為常態分布之假設，然而該假設仍需進一步驗證。因此，本研究旨在釐清自由音場、反射音場以及實際工作場所SEG的噪音暴露分布，並以現行職業噪音量測及暴露評估方法為基礎，建立可供大眾遵循之職業噪音暴露評估技術，並將其應用在實際工作場所。本研究首先使用半無響室(Hemi-anechoic chamber)以及迴響室(Reverberant chamber)模擬自由音場及反射音場條件SEG的噪音暴露，另針對十二家工廠的83個SEG執行職業噪音之個人量測，接著使用SPSS Statistics 17.0統計軟體執行Shapiro-Wilk test，針對SEG的噪音暴露分布進行檢定。另外，本研究分析部分國家噪音量測儀器標準、噪音量測方法及策略，做為擬定職業噪音作業環境監測事項中儀器規範及量測執行步驟之基礎。接著本研究根據噪音分布結果，分析現行噪音量測數據處理方法及暴露分級之原則，做為建立職業噪音暴露評估技術之依據。最後，將該暴露評估技術應用於現場的勞工噪音暴露評估。本研究的噪音暴露分布檢定結果顯示，位於自由音場與反射音場條件的SEG噪音暴露皆呈現常態分布。而實際工作場所83個SEG當中有73個遵循常態分布，占整體的88%，若將SEG中的離群值移除，則檢定結果為83個SEG當中有81個遵循常態分布，占整體的97.6%。另外本研究亦根據文獻擬定職業噪音量測儀器規範(儀器規格、校正方法、參數設定以及使用方法)、量測策略執行步驟(工作分析、劃分相似暴露群、確定一般工作日、量測策略之選擇、量測之實施以及誤差處理)與噪音暴露評估方法(推估噪音暴露以及暴露分級)。經十二家工廠83個SEG實施暴露評估，結果發現全部SEG計有47、27及9個分別屬於噪音暴露第一級(LTWA ≤ 85 dBA)、第二級(85 dBA < LTWA ≤ 90 dBA)以及第三級(LTWA > 90 dBA)，其中調味品製造業、醫療器材及用品製造業以及塑膠原料製造業有較高的勞工噪音暴露。

Occupational noise is one of the most prevalent occupational health hazards. However, effectively assessing occupational noise exposure is still hard to achieve because of the lack of standard noise exposure assessment techniques in Taiwan. This study aims to clarify the distribution of noise exposure for similar exposure groups (SEGs) in free field, reverberant field and actual workplaces, then based on the current occupational noise measurement and exposure assessment methods to establish noise exposure assessment techniques that the public can follow, then apply this exposure assessment techniques to actual workplace. This study first using Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the normality of SEGs exposure profile in hemi-anechoic chamber, reverberant chamber and actual workplaces, then based on the literature, we discuss and formulate noise measurement instrument criteria, noise measurement strategies and exposure assessment methods, and proposes comprehensive noise exposure assessment techniques. The noise exposure distribution test results of this study showed that SEG in free field and reverberant field follow normal distribution, and 97.6% of the 83 SEGs in actual workplaces also follow normal distribution. Based on these results and current literature, this study proposes an occupational noise exposure assessment techniques, then using these assessment techniques to actual workplaces, we found that 47, 27 and 9 of 83 SEGs belonged to class 1 (LTWA ≤ 85 dBA), class 2 (85 dBA < LTWA ≤ 90 dBA) and class 3 (LTWA > 90 dBA) of noise exposure respectively.

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