本研究使用雷射光具備高能量及高精準度之特性，克服傳統拋光在特殊狀態(高硬度及高強度工件、高撓性纖薄元件、複雜外形、高表面精整及尺寸精度等需求)下無法施工之限制。商用摻鐿單模(TEM00)光纖雷射，系統配備內部脈衝產生器和波長1070 nm雷射光，可進行連續波雷射精微拋光(Continuous-wave laser micro polishing, CWLμP)和脈衝雷射精微拋光(Pulsed laser micro polishing, PLμP)，波長800 nm的商用P-SpitFire-120FS飛秒(fs)雷射系統則用於表面織構技術。
研究使用成本低廉、具有多種用途且在工業中易於取得之SKD61模具鋼進行實驗。CWLμP採用經熱處理試件，無熱處理試件則用於PLμP 和fs織構技術。PLμP及CWLμP之控制因子及劑量使用直交表進行三階段實驗設計法，對表面粗糙度(Sa)、磨耗率、及摩擦係數進行最小化控制。飛秒雷射誘發週期性表面結構(Laser induced periodic surface structure, LIPSS)織構技術方面首先進行單道次軌跡估算溝槽截面輪廓寬度(W)及深度(D)，利用雷射功率範圍內近似於常數之D/W值、顯著晶體變化與鐵含量，可以獲得三個雷射功率的子區域與需求能量，並清楚識別固態-(電漿)燒蝕、以及燒蝕-蒸發伴隨電漿擊穿躍遷的範圍。
PLμP中，雷射劑量對於Sa及表面粗糙度紋路是主要控制因子；空間頻率分析中，波紋最高峰之頻率僅受雷射掃描速率及脈衝頻率影響；熔融層與熱影響區厚度很大程度上取決於雷射控制因子與劑量強度，這兩層的形成造成硬度及彈性模數均低於原材；摩擦係數則與表面形貌有關，且隨著表面粗糙度增加而上升。
CWLμP方面，雷射沉積能量對於Sa及表面粗糙度紋路是主要控制因子；儘管最大振幅空間頻率極度接近或甚至大於原材研磨軌跡頻率，然而過度的雷射功率、趨緩的掃描速率、或過大的重疊距離造成波紋頻率小於原材研磨軌跡頻率；增加沉積能量將提升熔融層與熱影響區厚度，進而影響硬度與彈性模數等機械性質。
飛秒雷射誘發週期性表面結構方面，空間頻率分析當雷射功率超過子區域門檻值時，增加雷射掃描覆蓋率能有效降低表面最高振幅；雷射功率(或雷射劑量)與掃描覆蓋率之複合效應對所有試件之接觸角(潤滑油環境中，觀察方向與雷射掃描方向垂直)、及接觸角對摩擦係數與磨耗體積的影響均得到合理的解釋。利用接觸角建立操作條件與磨潤參數之關聯性，可用來解釋雷射功率與掃描覆蓋率對潤滑油環境下摩擦係數與磨耗體積之最小化；表面輪廓之Sa、skewness、kurtosis是影響潤滑油環境中接觸角的主要因子，使接觸角成為控制因子影響摩擦係數與磨耗體積；3D碎形模型用來描述具異向性紋路織構表面，利用特徵(週期)長度在x方向(Lx)及y方向(Ly)之乘積(LxLy)與織構表面紋路有關定義為新參數，成功發展並替換傳統上使用skewness與kurtosis分析表面形貌方法，並進一步討論雷射劑量與接觸角的關係。

In the present study, laser beam with characteristics of high energy and high precision was applied to overcome the restrictions for conventional polishing. The particular conditions include high hardness and strength workpiece, flexible or slender specimen, complex shape, surface finish and dimensional accuracy requirements. Continuous wave laser micro polishing (CWLμP) and pulsed laser micro polishing (PLμP) were performed in a commercial ytterbium-dope single mode (TEM00) fiber system equipped with internal pulse generator and an emitted wavelength of 1070 nm. A commercial P-SpitFire-120FS femtosecond (fs) laser system with a wavelength of 800 nm was prepared for surface texturing.
Experiments were carried out using SKD61 tool steel because of its inexpensive cost, multiple usage and easy to acquire in industry. Specimens with heat treatment (H.T.) were adopted for CWLμP and without H.T. for PLμP and fs texturing. The operating conditions of laser controlling factors and fluence for the minimization of the Sa, wear rate and friction coefficient were determined through the planned arrangements of three stages including the experimental design method for the PLμP and CWLμP. As for the fs laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) texturing, single-pass tracks are provided first to evaluate the width (W) and depth (D) of groove's lateral profile. With the characteristics exhibited in the nearly constant D/W data and the noticeable changes in the crystal species and the Fe content in this powers range, the three power subregions and the powers required for the solid-(plasma) ablation and the ablation-evaporation plus plasma breakdown transitions can be identified clearly.
In PLμP, the laser fluence is the dominant factor for Sa and the pattern of surface roughness. The frequency of the highest peak in relation to the ripples is only affected by laser beam scanning velocity and pulse frequency. The thicknesses of melt and heat affected zone strongly depend on the laser controlling factors and the fluence intensity. The formation of these two zones has the hardness and reduced modulus to values mostly lower than those of the as-received specimen. The friction coefficient is related to the morphology of the polished specimen and increases along with the mean surface roughness.
In CWLμP, the laser deposited energy (DE) is the dominant factor for Sa and the pattern of surface roughness. An excessively high laser power, an insufficiently high laser beam scanning velocity, or an excessively large hatch distance can create ripples with frequencies smaller than those of the grinding marks in the as-received specimen, although the highest amplitude is either close to or even greater than the grinding marks of the as-received specimen. Increasing the DE of CWLμP can generally increase the thicknesses of melt and heat affected zone, and also affected the mechanical properties of hardness and reduced modulus.
In fs LIPSS texturing, an increase in the overlap ratio can reduce the high amplitude of surface (HA) efficiently when the laser power beyond the subregion threshold. The combined effect of laser power (or peak fluence) and overlap ratio on the contact angle, (θperpendicular)oil, and the (θperpendicular)oil effect on friction coefficient and wear volume of specimen are linked to be valid for all the specimens. The contact angles used to establish the correlations between the operating conditions and the tribological parameters can provide us explanations for the choices in laser power and overlap ratio to minimize the friction coefficient and wear volume of specimen operating in oil lubrications. The mean surface roughness, skewness, and kurtosis of a surface profile are the dominant factors for contact angles formed in the oil lubricant. Contact angle becomes a controlling factor for the friction coefficient, and specimen wear volume. The 3D fractal model is powerfully used to describe the textured surfaces with any anisotropic pattern. The product of characteristic (periodic) lengths in x (Lx) and y direction (Ly), LxLy, is defined to be a new parameter relevant to the surface pattern of textured surface. It is successfully developed to replace skewness and kurtosis conventionally used in the analysis of surface morphology and further discusses with fluence and contact angle.

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