齊努亞•阿奇貝的第一部非洲長篇小說《分崩離析》敘述著前殖民時期「依波族」的傳統生活與歐洲人入侵的故事。由於這部小說所刻畫的好戰英雄主角人物奧康渥的關係，所以它經常被文學評論家視為一部非洲的民族史詩。這些批評家往往只著重於探討由奧康渥所呈現的單一史詩觀點，卻忽略了小說中存在於「依波族」的「烏穆菲亞」社會裡多元衝突對立的觀點。因此，本篇論文採用巴赫汀的眾聲喧嘩理論來呈現小說裡的雙聲語論述和多元社會意識型態的衝突對抗。論文的第一章簡述巴赫汀的眾聲喧嘩理論，其理論主要分為兩大部分，「小說裡的眾聲喧嘩現象」與「社會意識型態的眾聲喧嘩現象」。第二章我使用建構巴赫汀「小說裡的眾聲喧嘩現象」理論的四個基本類型去呈現這部小說語言中的雙聲語論述，著重於論述中的男性與女性傳統的聲音。第三章以巴赫汀對語言的「向心力」及「離心力」概念去探討小說裡角色語言中所蘊含的不同社會意識型態的不斷衝突競爭。第四章我將這部小說解讀為典型的巴赫汀對話小說做為結論，因為它表現出三個基本對話小說特徵：客觀性、對話性、非封閉性。

Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe’s first African novel, is a story about the traditional Igbo life and the European intrusion in the pre-colonial period. It is often seen as an African national epic by literary critics because of its characterization of a bellicose hero, Okonkwo. These critics pay much attention to the unitary epic viewpoint represented by the hero but ignore the diverse opposing viewpoints in the Igbo society of Umuofia. Hence, this thesis aims to represent the double-voiced discourses and the contestations of diverse social ideologies in the novel by adopting M. M. Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia. The first chapter of this thesis briefly introduces Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia, composed of heteroglossia in the novel and social heteroglossia. In chapter two, I utilize Bakhtin’s four fundamental forms for incorporating heteroglossia in the novel to reveal the double-voiced discourses, the voices of the masculine and feminine traditions, in the languages of the novel. The third chapter, based upon Bakhtin’s concept of centripetal and centrifugal forces regarding language, deals with the dynamic contestations between the opposing social ideologies embedded in the characters’ speech. In the concluding chapter, I read Things Fall Apart as a Bakhtinian dialogical novel because it represents its three fundamental features: objectivism, dialogism, and unfinalizability.

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