全或多氟烷基物 (Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)在環境中的廣泛分布和高移動性對人類健康構成潛在風險，了解其傳輸行為對於準確的風險評估以及制定合適的整治策略至關重要。文獻中多數管柱試驗聚焦於全氟辛酸 (Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)與全氟辛烷磺酸 (Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOS)在理想介質中的傳輸，因此本研究採集急水溪底泥 (Jishuei river (JS) sediment，主要由石英砂組成，SOC=0.13%)作為填充管柱的環境土壤，以模擬飽和含水層。移動相調整溶液pH值、二價陽離子濃度、孔隙水流速及固定相調整有機碳種類與含量，來探討這些因子如何影響PFOA和PFOS的傳輸行為。本研究以兩種高有機質土壤：豬糞堆肥土 (Manure)和泥炭土 (Peat)，作為提高管柱內有機碳含量的材料，並以八種常見的PFASs進行管柱試驗，比較碳鏈長度對傳輸行為的影響，包含PFNA、PFOA、PFHxA、PFBA、PFOS、PFHXS、PFBS和GenX。
結果顯示，在所有條件下，PFOA的移動性均高於PFOS。當溶液pH值下降至3時，PFOA和PFOS的貫穿曲線明顯右移，其平均停留時間分別增加至約原本的1.6倍和2.2倍，顯示出溶液pH值接近土壤等電點時會增強PFOA和PFOS的遲滯現象。隨著二價陽離子 (Ca²⁺)濃度從0增加到30 mM，PFOS的平均停留時間增加至約原本的2倍，而PFOA的平均停留時間僅略微增加至約原本的1.1倍，顯示二價陽離子對PFOS的遲滯作用略為顯著。在改變孔隙水流速的試驗中，隨著孔隙水流速從0.07 cm/min增加到0.70 cm/min，PFOA和PFOS的貫穿曲線均向左移動，平均停留時間顯著減少至約原本的1/10，顯示高流速會增加兩者在環境中的遷移風險。在提高管柱有機碳含量的試驗中，當SOC=1%，添加泥炭土使PFOA和PFOS的平均停留時間分別增加至約原本的1.3倍和2.3倍；而添加豬糞堆肥土則增加至約原本的2.5倍和8.9倍，顯示具有較小孔徑孔容比和更高氮含量的豬糞堆肥土滯留PFASs的能力優於泥炭土。在比較不同鏈長的試驗中，由於碳鏈長度影響PFASs的分子大小和疏水性，因此短鏈PFASs在混合泥炭土或豬糞堆肥土的JS底泥中沒有顯示出遲滯的現象，顯示短鏈PFASs在環境中具高度遷移風險。

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed in the environment and pose potential risks to human health due to their high mobility and persistency. Understanding their transport behavior is crucial for better accessing their potential risks and making appropriate remediation strategies. Most column experiments have focused on the transport of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in ideal media. Therefore, this study collected Jishuei River (JS)sediment as the environmental soil for column packing to simulate a saturated aquifer. JS sediment is primarily composed of quartz sand with very low organic content (SOC = 0.13%). The mobile phase, which includes solution pH, divalent cation concentration and pore water velocity, and the stationary phase, comprising organic carbon types were adjusted to investigate their impact on the transport of PFOA and PFOS. Two types of high organic matter soils (manure and peat) were used to increase the organic carbon content of the stationary phase in the columns. Eight common PFASs were used in the column experiments to compare the effects of carbon chain length on transport behavior, including PFNA, PFOA, PFHxA, PFBA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, and GenX.
The results showed that PFOA had higher mobility than PFOS under all conditions. When the solution pH was decreased to 3, the breakthrough curves of PFOA and PFOS shifted significantly to the right, with their mean residence times increasing to approximately 1.6-fold and 2.2-fold the original values, respectively. This indicates that the solution pH approaching the isoelectric point of the soil enhances the retardation of PFOA and PFOS. As the concentration of divalent cations (Ca²⁺) increased from 0 mM to 30 mM, the mean residence time of PFOS increased to approximately 2-fold the original value, while that of PFOA only slightly increased to approximately 1.1-fold, showing that divalent cations have a more significant retardation effect on PFOS. In experiments varying the pore water velocity, as the velocity increased from 0.07 cm/min to 0.70 cm/min, the breakthrough curves of PFOA and PFOS both shifted to the left, with mean residence times significantly decreasing to approximately 1/10 of the original values, indicating that higher flow rates increase the migration risk of both compounds in the environment. In experiments increasing the organic carbon content in the columns, when SOC=1%, the mean residence times of PFOA and PFOS increased to approximately 1.3-fold and 2.3-fold in peat-amended columns, respectively. The mean residence times of PFOA and PFOS increased to approximately 2.5-fold and 8.9-fold in manure-amended columns, respectively, indicating that manure, with its smaller pore size distribution and higher nitrogen content, captures PFASs more effectively than peat. In experiments comparing different chain lengths, the molecular size and hydrophobicity influenced by the carbon chain length demonstrated that short-chain PFASs did not show retardation in the JS mixed with either peat or manure, indicating that short-chain PFASs have higher migration risks in the environment.

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