光電產業製程廢水中的四甲基氫氧化銨(tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH)已被許多研究證實其生物降解的可行性，其中以厭氧甲烷化系統是為最合適的處理方式。但這研究結果是來自於實驗室規模的反應器，而就廢水處理場而言，其厭氧甲烷處理TMAH的功效及微生物組成的資訊尚屬匱乏。因此，本研究的目的即是去評估實場中TMAH藉由厭氧甲烷系統處理的效率與分析其中的微生物菌相，期望能提供一些深入的資訊以利未來的發展。
先進行評估實場中厭氧甲烷系統處理TMAH的功效以及了解在實場中所發現的化學物質對其處理功效的影響。首先採取一個實場中利用厭氧甲烷系統處理TMAH廢水的上流式厭氧污泥床(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB)的污泥進行TMAH降解試驗，根據其結果，其污泥可以於10小時內降解完2,000 mg L1的TMAH，並且其比降解速率可達19.2 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1。接著再利用一個包含厭氧甲烷與傳統活性污泥(conventional activated sludge, CAS)系統的TMAH廢水生物處理程序污泥來進行試驗。由結果得知活性污泥系統可有效降解150 mg L1的TMAH，可是當TMAH濃度超過此量後，其比降解速率會開始減少。而厭氧甲烷系統則可穩定的降解1,000 mg L1的TMAH。此外，針對常見於光電產業製程廢水中的化學物質如界面活性劑(Surfactant 1與Surfactant 2)，二甲基亞碸 (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)與硫酸進行對TMAH厭氧甲烷化的抑制測試。由測試結果中發現界面活性劑Surfactant 1 (2,000–10,000 mg L1) 與Surfactant 2 (4,000–20,000 mg L1)會降低TMAH的比降解速率。就DMSO抑制測試而言，DMSO不會對TMAH厭氧甲烷化的過程造成抑制。就硫酸抑制測試中發現當硫酸濃度超過300 mg L1時，除了造成重大的延遲期外，亦明顯的降低TMAH的比降解速度。可是當厭氧污泥中的甲烷菌相改變後，硫酸(150–1,500 mg L1)不再對TMAH厭氧甲烷化的過程造成顯著的抑制。另外，根據16S rDNA與methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) 功能性基因的定序及尾端修飾限制片段長度多型性(termal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP)試驗的結果得知Methanomethylovorans 與Methanosarcina 此兩種甲烷菌群是UASB中主要的甲烷菌。
接著藉由設立一個實驗室等級的連續流反應器找出可能的TMAH降解者與釐清硫化物對TMAH厭氧甲烷化的影響。此反應器於操作期間可以穩定的降解1,000 mg L1的TMAH。所馴化的污泥可將解TMAH濃度至2,500 mg L1，並在TMAH濃度為2,000 mg L1有最大比降解速率，其值為39.2 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1。於此章中，除了硫酸外，三甲基銨(trimethylamine, TMA)與硫化氫也同時測試是否會對TMAH厭氧甲烷化造成抑制。由試驗結果得知，TMA(100–2,000 mg L1)與硫酸(150–3,000 mg L1)不會對馴化污泥於TMAH厭氧甲烷化中造成任何的抑制，而硫化氫則被發現有顯著的抑制作用。當硫化氫的濃度由20增加至 70 mg L1時，其TMAH的比降解速率則會由23.5下降至4.4 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1. 同時，由mcrA此功能性基因的活性測試中則會發現硫化氫會顯著的抑制TMAH厭氧甲烷化中的甲烷產生。此外，針對馴化污泥及篩菌試驗的菌相分析結果得知，Methanomethylovorans 與Methanosarcina此兩種甲烷菌群 是可能的TMAH降解者。
最後，為了探討Methanomethylovorans 與Methanosarcina此兩種甲烷菌群在TMAH厭氧甲烷化中的關係，於是利用不同濃度的TMAH降解試驗來進行甲烷菌的菌相監測。由結果得知當TMAH濃度為100 mg L1時，於Methanomethylovorans 為優勢菌群的環境中，Methanomethylovorans 與Methanosarcina 此兩者甲烷菌群均為TMAH降解者，但於Methanosarcina為優勢菌群的環境中，僅監測到Methanosarcina此甲烷菌群的活性。而當TMAH濃度為1,000 mg L1時，從結果得知無論在Methanomethylovorans 或 Methanosarcina為優勢菌群的環境中，Methanosarcina比Methanomethylovorans 優於將TMAH轉化為甲烷。此章的研究指出Methanomethylovorans較適合低TMAH的環境而Methanosarcina則適合高TMAH的環境。此外，為了能更進一步了解實廠中TMAH分解者的菌相分布，在批次試驗中所使用的整個分子生物分析方式也應用於三個實際的TMAH廢水處理廠。由監測結果發現除了
Methanomethylovorans 與Methanosarcina菌群外，尚發現Methanosaeta菌群於其中一個實廠中佔有顯著的甲烷菌群比例，但非TMAH的利用者。

Biological treatment of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) containing thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) wastewater was studied in lab-scale suggesting that methanogenic TMAH degradation is suitable for treating this kind of wastewater but the information like kinetics and microbial community in the full-scale bioprocess was lack. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and microbial community of methanogenic TMAH degradation in the full-scale TMAH wastewater treatment to provide insight information in favor of future development.
Intially, the experiments were to evaluate the performance of methanogenic degradation of TMAH and the effects of putative inhibitors present in the full-scale treatment. Based on the experimental results of batch tests using the sludge obtained from a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treating TFT-LCD wastewater, the UASB sludge was able to degrade 2,000 mg L1 of TMAH within 10 hours and attained a specific degradation rate of 19.2 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1. Subsequently, a bioprocess including methanogenic and aerobic treatments demonstrated the treating of TMAH wastewater with the full-scale plant. For the aerobic bioprocess like the conventional activated sludge (CAS), complete TMAH biodegradation can be achieved at the 150 mg L1 TMAH but reduction of the specific TMAH degradation occurred at TMAH concentration higher than it. Regarding the methanogenic treatment, the community of methanogens was able to achieve a stable TMAH removal efficiency even at an influent TMAH concentration of 1,000 mg L1. Furthermore, chemicals present in TFT-LCD wastewater including surfactants (Surfactant 1 and Surfactant 2), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfate were examined for their potential inhibitory effects on TMAH biodegradation under methanogenic condition. For surfactant inhibition, addition of Surfactant 1 (2,000–10,000 mg L1) and Surfactant 2 (4,000–20,000 mg L1) caused a decrease in specific TMAH degradation rate. For DMSO inhibition, the methanogenic TMAH degradation was not affected with the addition of DMSO (100–1,000 mg L1). For sulfate inhibition, addition of sulfate (150–1,500 mg L1) caused a substantial lag period and significantly reduced specific TMAH degradation rate, especially at concentrations > 300 mg L1, but the inhibition was much less severe when methanogenic community structure was changed. Additionally, the results of clone sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of archaeal 16S rDNA gene and methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) functional gene both suggested that Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina species were the dominant methanogens in the UASB responsible for TMAH degradation.
Furthermore, to clarify the effects of sulfur chemcials and responded TMAH degraders, a lab-scale continuous reactor was conducted in this study. The reactor was able to degrade 1,000 mg L1 TMAH stably during the operation. From the results of batch experiments with variety initial TMAH, the enriched sludge could degrade TMAH up to 2,500 mg L1 and the maximum specific degradation rate was 39.2 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1 when TMAH concentration was 2,000 mg L1. Furthermore, chemicals like trimethylamine (TMA), sulfate, and hydrogen sulfide were also examined for their potential inhibitory effects to the enriched sludge. For TMA inhibition, the results showed that addition of TMA (100–2,000 mg L1) would not inhibit the TMAH degradation efficiency of enriched sludge. For sulfate inhibition, the addition of sulfate (150–3,000 mg L1) would affect methanogenic degradation of TMAH by the enriched sludge. The considerable inhibitor is hydrogen sulfide and it could decrease specific degradation rate of methanogenic TMAH degradation from 23.5 to 4.4 mg-TMAH g-VSS1 hr1 when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide increased from 20 to 70 mg L1. Furthermore, the expression of activity of mcrA gene during hydrogen sulfide inhibition indicated that hydrogen sulfide inhibited methane production of methanogenic TMAH degradation significantly. In addition, the results of microbial community in enriched sludge and isolation showed that Methanomethylovorans species dominated in the continuous reactor and Methanosarcina species were predominating in the isolation suggesting that these methanogens were the proposed TMAH degraders.
Finally, the composition of Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina species in TMAH degradation was also studied for the effects of different TMAH concentration to these two methaogen groups. When TMAH concentration was low (100 mg L1), Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina species were both responded TMAH degraders in a Methanomethylovorans-dominated environment but only Methanosarcina species were found in a Methanosarcina-dominated environment. When TMAH concentration was high (1,000 mg L1), Methanosarcina species were favored than Methanomethylovorans species to convert high TMAH to methane gas even in Methanomethylovorans-dominated or Methanosarcina-dominated environment. The results suggested that Methanomethylovorans species were favored in low TMAH condition whereas Methanosarcina species in high one. In addition, the molecular methodology of the bacth experiment is also used to investigate the methanogenic community in three different full-scale TMAH bioreactors and the results showed that not only Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina species were found in most bioreactors but Methanosaeta species were also found in one bioreactor. However, Methanosaeta species were not the proper TMAH degraders due to the results of activity.

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