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研究生: 林晏丞
Lin, Yen-Chen
論文名稱: 類複眼人形機器人基於行為模式之手眼協調控制
Behavior-Based Hand-Eye Coordination of Humanoid Robots with a Compound-like Eye
指導教授: 蔡清元
Tsay, Tsing-Iuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 96
中文關鍵詞: 人形機器人視覺導引類複眼基於行為模式
外文關鍵詞: Humanoid Robot, Vision-guided, Compound-like Eye, Behavior-based
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  • 近年來,人形機器人已經逐步涉及人類日常的居家生活、安全和衛生保健。本論文的目的在於提出一個視覺導引控制策略,驅使類複眼機器人執行抓取目標的任務。首先,本論文將抓取任務由多個行為模式所組成,其中,基於視覺的行為模式是以位置為基礎的看而後動的控制策略來驅動機械手掌逼近目標,並且依序執行所規劃的行為模式來完成抓取的任務。最後經由實驗將待抓物放置在桌面的不同位置,藉由控制機器人左手掌的逼近及抓取來評估其定位性能。實驗結果顯示,所提出的一個基於行為模式架構的以位置為基礎看而後動的視覺導引控制策略,可使類複眼人形機器人完成夾取待抓物之工作任務。

    In recent years, humanoid robots have been gradually involving in home life, security and health care. The objective of this thesis is to propose a vision-guided control strategy for a humanoid robot with a compound-like eye to perform a grasping task. The grasping task is first decomposed into some behaviors. In the vision-based behaviors, a position-based look-and-move control strategy is presented for the robotic hand to approach the target. These behaviors are then executed in turn to perform grasping tasks. Finally, the positioning performance of the humanoid robot is experimentally evaluated by controlling the robotic left hand to approach and grasp a workpiece in various locations on a table. Experimental results reveal that the proposed vision-guided control strategy with a behavior-based look-and-move structure ensures the humanoid robot with a compound-like eye can perform pick-and-place operations.

    中文摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 x 符號說明 xi 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 背景介紹 1 1.2 文獻回顧 1 1.3 研究動機與目的 5 1.4 貢獻 5 1.5 本文架構 5 第二章 人形機器人之硬體介紹與分析 7 2.1 人形機器人之機構介紹 7 2.1.1 複眼機械頭之機構 8 2.1.2 機械手臂之機構 10 2.1.3 機械手掌之機構 14 2.1.4 人形機器人腰部之機構 14 2.1.5 輪式移動平台之機構 16 2.2 機器人之控制系統 16 2.2.1 視覺系統 17 2.2.2 影像擷取卡 19 2.2.3 人形機器人系統之硬體控制架構 19 2.3 人形機器人之座標系統 20 2.4 機械手臂之運動學 22 2.4.1 機械手臂之順向運動學推導 22 2.4.2 機械手臂之逆向運動學 28 2.4.3 複眼機械頭之座標轉換 30 2.5 機械手臂端接器之軌跡規劃 34 2.5.1 空間中之直線路徑 35 2.5.2 空間中之方位 36 2.5.3 軌跡規劃 38 第三章 影像處理與攝影機校正 42 3.1 影像處理 42 3.1.1 影像前處理 42 3.1.2 計算影像面積與重心 44 3.1.3 影像特徵的萃取 45 3.2 攝影機幾何模型 50 3.3 攝影機校正 52 3.3.1 參數表示(Notation) 52 3.3.2 估測Homography 53 3.3.3 解得內部參數 54 3.3.4 徑向失真(Radial Distortion) 56 第四章 人形機器人之頭手協調抓取控制 58 4.1 目標位置與方位之估測 58 4.1.1 靜態複眼立體幾何架構 58 4.1.2 物體的位置及方位 60 4.2 基於行為模式之動作規劃 62 4.3 機械手臂之視覺伺服控制策略 63 4.3.1 定義特徵點座標系 64 4.3.2 控機械手臂之視覺伺服控制策略 65 第五章 實驗 71 5.1 實驗設置 71 5.2 影像校正與定位 73 5.2.1 影像校正 73 5.2.2 影像定位 77 5.3 機械手臂之直線運動實驗 80 5.4 定位性能評估 83 5.5 物體抓取實驗之結果與討論 86 第六章 結論與未來發展 92 6.1 結論 92 6.2 未來展望 93 參考文獻 94

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