近年來，科技日新月異，「網路」乃成為現代人不可或缺的工具之一，然這兩年研究者於教育現場觀察發現青少年面臨升學壓力、人際關係等問題時所產生的負面情緒無從排解，又於使用網路方面容易成癮，無法自拔，又根據2019年台灣網路調查報告顯示，青少年網路使用程度高達100％，其中又以高中職學生為最多，王智弘（2004）認為，網路不但是一種溝通媒介，更是一個活動場域，提供青少年隨心所欲獲取大量資訊及與他人接觸的機會，他們能透過網路，迅速地擴展其生活領域，增加人際與休閒活動之參與。網路的易得性帶給人們便利，但過度使用網路則可能對個體身心健康產生負面影響，降低生活中的幸福感（羅孟婷，2013），青少年經常使用網路作為抒解其生活壓力與情緒困擾之方式，因此容易沈迷於網路世界中、脫離了現實生活，然個體之自我效能卻可以有效幫助適當的使用網路，換而言之，當個體相信自己有能力適當控制網路使用時，就越有機會避免網路成癮的情形發生（林旻沛，2019），已有研究顯示網路成癮與幸福感之關係，以及網路成癮與拒網自我效能之間關係，卻鮮少有研究者探討三者之間的交互關係，故本研究採用 SPSS for Windows 17.0 版及R studio來進行統計，將透過描述性統計檢定探討青少年高中職男女學生網路成癮、拒網自我效能與幸福感三變項，再以SEM結構方程式及Process分析法驗證以上各變項之間的交互影響效應，希望提供後續研究者制定輔導及預防策略。本研究為次級資料分析，透過「104年學生網路使用行為調查報告」之問卷資料，共取得3444份有效樣本，採用「個人基本資料本」、「網路使用問卷」、「幸福感問卷」及「拒網自我效能量表」作為研究工具，研究方法則透過SEM路徑分析結果顯示，高中職學生之拒網自我效能會對網路成癮產生負向影響，網路成癮亦會對幸福感產生負面效應，而拒網自我效能與幸福感則是正相關，進一步探討中介效應關係，則發現網路成癮對拒網自我效能及幸福感之間產生部分中介效應，而其中青少年女性部分中介之比例較高；再透過Process分析法，運用模型59，測得其中調節變項結果為性別，意即高中職學生之性別會對以下三條路徑產生調節作用，分別為網路成癮對拒網自我效能、網路成癮對幸福感及拒網自我效能對幸福感產生總效果調節效應。

In recent years, with rapid technological advancements, the internet has become an indispensable tool for modern individuals. However, researchers have observed negative emotions emerging among adolescents in educational settings. Additionally, the prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents, as highlighted by the 2019 Taiwan Internet Survey Report, is a concern, especially among high school students. Recognizing the internet as both a communication medium and an activity platform, this study aims to explore the impact of internet addiction, internet refusal self-efficacy, and happiness among male and female high school students. Excessive internet use is associated with potential negative effects on individuals' physical and mental happiness, leading to a decline in overall happiness (Lo, 2013). Adolescents often resort to the internet to cope with life stressors and emotional challenges, potentially becoming immersed in the online world and disconnecting from real-life. Further exploration into the mediating effects indicates that internet addiction partially mediates the relationship between internet refusal self-efficacy and happiness, with adolescent females exhibiting a higher proportion of this mediating effect. Utilizing Process analysis with Model 59, the results indicate gender as a moderating variable, highlighting that gender influences three pathways: the effect of internet addiction on internet refusal self-efficacy, the effect of internet addiction on happiness, and the effect of internet refusal self-efficacy on happiness.

王怡文(2010）。拒網自我效能輿職場適應間之關係探討：以網路成癮傾向為中 介變項。國防大學政治作戰學院心理及社會工作學系心理研究所碩士論文。
王智弘（2004）。運用網路諮商以因應青少年網路問題行為。
http://www.he art.net.tw/wang/paper-new/paper20040402.htm
王智弘（2008）。網路成癮的成因分析與輔導策略。輔導季刊，44（1），1-12。
王智弘（2009）。網路諮商、網路成癮與網路心理健康。台北：學富文化。
王智弘 (2016) 危機即是轉機：從危機干預談網路成癮的危險因子。台灣心理 諮商季刊，8，44-50。
朱美慧(2000) : 我國大專學生個人特性，網路使用行為與網路成癮關係之研究。大葉大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
朱群芳、巫梓豪、李潼蕙、賴苓蕙（2019）。負面情緒、自我效能、治療同盟與同儕支持對毒癮戒治處遇效果影響程度之探討。藥物濫用防治，4(2)，75-103。
李幼穗和吉楠（2006）。主觀幸福感研究的新進展。天津師範大學報社會科學版，2，70-74。
沈莉、向燕輝、沃建中（2010）。高中生主觀幸福感與自我控制、人際交往及心理健康關係。中國健康心理學雜誌，18（7），837-841。
吳齊殷（1998）。虚擬社區 vs.真實生活。科學月刊，29（8），668-674。
呂謂正（2008）。國中生網路成癮與青少年憂鬱症之相關研究－以新竹縣市國中生為例。中原大學。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900799。
林旻沛（2004）：大事校院學生網路成癮盛行率及認知因子之研究。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。
林旻沛（2011）。性格認知因素對大學生網路成癮之彩響：一年追蹤研究。國立成功大學醫學健康照護科學研究所博士論文。
林旻沛(2014）。臺灣高中職學生網路成癮心理社會成因與預防教育及其成效評
估研究。行政院科技部專題研究計畫（編號：MOST102-2511-S-003-016-MY3)
林旻沛（2017）。高中職學生家庭功能、憂鬱情緒與網路成癮之相關研究。教育心理學報，48(4)，531-550。
林旻沛（2019）。國中生網路成癮預防教育之課程與教材開發及其成效評估研究：以社會認知理論為基礎。行政院科技部專題研究計畫（編號：MOST106-2511-S-003-034-MY2)
林金源（2020）。什麼時候可以給孩子買手機。台北：木馬文化。
林清財（1984）。青少年自我統整與心理特質關係之研究。
https://hdl.handle.net/11296/evvsv8
林朝誠（2013）。網路成癮-評估及治療指引手冊。台北：心理出版社。
周倩(1999) : 我國學生電腦網路沈迷現象之整合研究-子計畫二：網路沈迷現象的心理病理之教育傳播觀點研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。http:// report.ice.ntnu.edu.tw/nscreport/872511009013
侯其鋒、楊鋯、陳嵐嵐(2013）。大學生網路成癮與拒網自我效能及網路自我效能的關係探討。浙江大學學報：理學版，40（4），483-488。
胡耿丹、項明強（2011）。國內大學生網絡成癮影響因素的元分析。中國特殊教育，1（6），66-71。
柯慧貞(2010)。全國國中生的網路成癮盛行率及其相關心理社會模式之追蹤研
究。國科會研究報告（編號：NSC98-2511-S006-002-MY3）。
柯慧貞（2011）。（第二年）全國國中生的網路成癮盛行率及其相關心理社會模
式之追蹤研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
柯慧貞、董旭英、李俊霆、周廷璽 (2015)。104年學生網路使用情形調查報
告。教育部。
涂秀文（1999）。國民中學學生人格特質、人際關係與快樂之相關研究。國立高
雄師範大學學教育學系碩士論文。
陸洛（1998）。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研
究彙刊: 人文及社會科學，8(1)，115-137。
陳冠名（2007）。青少年網路沉迷之研究，實踐博雅學報，7，53 - 101。
陳珏汝（2019）。高中職事生自尊、因應型態、拒網自我效能奥網路成癮之相關
研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學研究所碩士論文。
陳淑惠（1999）。我國學生電腦網路沈迷現象之整合研究-子計畫一：網路沈迷現象的心理病理之初探 1/2。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
http://report.ice.ntnu. edu.tw/ nscreport/872511002023N
陳淑惠、翁儷禎、蘇逸人、吳和懋、楊品鳳 (2003)。網路成癮量表之編制與心理計量特性研究。中華心理事刊，45（3），279-294。
陳瑛琪（2013）。青少年網路成癮一現實與虛擬環境間的拉鋸戰。商管科技季
刊，14 (2)，165-193。
陳麗秋、董貞吟（2010）。預防網路沉迷主題課程介入之研究。健康促進與衛生
教育學報，33，47-65。
許義忠 (2006)。高中生上網咖意圖與行為的性別差異。觀光研究學報，
12(1)，23-42。
游森期(2001)。大學生網路使用行為、網路成癮及相關因素之研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
葉劍輝（2009）。大學生主觀幸福感與網絡體驗、網絡成癮關係。福建工程學院
院報，7（2）， 185-189。
路紅、鄭志家（2011）。大學生網絡成癮與主觀幸福感核心自我評價的關係。中
國學校衛生，32（8），951-952。
楊淑晴、黃凱琳 (2011)。國中生參與線上遊戲經驗與自我概念、生活適應與幸
福感之研究。教育資料與圖書館學，48(3)，407-442。
褚志鹏、林珍如、陳國文(2008）：高中學生網路使用行為、成癮狀況及戒減自
我效能之調查研究。健康管理學刊，6（1），73-93。
黎士鳴、余睿羚、林依靜(2004)。國高中社交焦慮障礙症之盛行率調查。
蕭伯諺 (2011)。青少年線上遊戲使用動機、網路社會支持與線上遊戲成癮傾向
之研究-以台中縣私立弘文高級中學為例。朝陽科技大學休閒事業管理系學
位論文。
謝龍卿（2004)。青少年網路使用與網路成癮現象之相關研究。台中師院學報，
18(2)，19-44。
魏心怡（2001）。網際網路與心理幸福、學業成績。台東師範學院教育
研究所碩士論文。
羅孟婷（2013）。臺灣大學生衝動性與問題網路使用之關聯性：交叉延宕長期追
蹤分析。國立交通大學教育研究所碩士論文。
Aghababaei,N., & Arji, A. (2014). Well-being and the HEXACO model of personality.
Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 139 - 142.
Ak, Ş., Koruklu, N., & Yılmaz, Y. (2013). A study on Turkish adolescent's Internet use:
possible predictors of Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking, 16(3), 205- 209.
Akln, A. (2012). The relationships between Internet addiction,ssubjective vitaliny,
and subjective happiness. Cyberpsychology,Behavior, and Social Networking, 15 (8) , 404 - 410.
Alhabash, S., Chiang, Y. H., & Huang, K. (2014). MAM & U&G in Taiwan: Differences in
the uses and gratifications of Facebook as a function of motivational reactivity.
Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 423-430.
Amanda S. Morrison & Richard G. Heimberg(2013). Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety
Disorde. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, (9),249–274.
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.
Andre w, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicaiors of well-being.New York, NY:
Plenum.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Routedge.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J.P. Forgas & J.M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective ,189-203. North Holland: Elsevier.
Argyle, M., Martin, M, & Lu, L. (1995). Testing for stress and happiness:
The role of social and cognitive factors. In: C. D. Spielberger & I.G.Sarason (Eds.), Stress and emotion, 15, 173-187.Washington, D. C.: Taylor & Francis.
Ayaz, F., M. & Karatas,K. (2016): Examining the level of internet addiction of adolescents in terms of various variables. World Journal on Educational
Technology: Current Issues, 8(3), 238-244.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist,37(2), 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Brandon A. Y., Audrey H., & Emilio C. (2008). Depression as a mediator between family factors and peer-bullying victimization in Latino adolescents. Violence and Victims, 23(6), 727-742.
Bratter, T.E., & Forrest G.G. (1985). Alcoholism and substance abuse: Strategies for clinical intervention. New York: Free press.
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winner and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 917-927.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
Cantrell, P. J. (1993). The Relationship between Relapse Prevention Treatment Out-
come and Self-Efficacy. https:// files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED370065.
Cevik, G. B., & Yildiz, M. A. (2017). The roles of perceived social support, coping, and Loneliness in predicting Internet addiction in adolescents. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(12), 64-73.
Chen(2021).Depression, Actual and Virtual Social Support, and Refusal Self-efficacy of Internet Use: A moderated Mediation Model of Internet Addiction.
Chen, Y. L., & Lo, H. T. (2019). Exploring the impact of internet self-efficacy on motives and addictive behaviors in a mobile game context. Telematics and Informatics, 39, 37-48.
Cheung, J. C. S., Chan, K. H. W., Lui, Y. W., Tsui, M. S., & Chan, C. (2018). Psycho-
logical well-being and adolescents' internet addiction: A school-based
cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(5), 477-487. http://doi.org/10.1007/10560-018-0543-7.
Chiu, S. I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-efficacy and social self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49-57. http://doi.org/
10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
Chou, C., & Hsiao M. C. ( 2000 ). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure
experience: The Taiwan college students’ case. Computers and Education, 35,
65-80 .
Choo, H., Gentile, D., Sim, T., Li, D. D., Khoo, A., & Liau, A. (2010). Pathological video-gaming among Singaporean youth.
Cudo, A., Torój, M., Misiuro, T., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Problematic Facebook use and problematic video gaming among female and male gamers. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(2), 126-133.
Colwell, J., Grady, C., & Rhaiti, S. (1995). Computer games, self‐esteem and gratification of needs in adolescents. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 5(3), 195-206.
D Griffiths, M., J Kuss, D., & L King, D. (2012). Video game addiction: Past, present and future. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8(4), 308-318.
Diener, E., & Diener, M. (2009). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653–663.
Dietz, T. L. (1998). An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games: Implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior. Sex roles, 38(5-6), 425-442.
Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(1), 94–122.
Fam, J. Y. (2018). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: a meta‐ analysis across three decades. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 59(5), 524-531.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.
Gailey, C. W. (1993). Mediated messages: Gender, class, and cosmos in home video games. The Journal of Popular Culture, 27(1), 81-98.
Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. (2020). World Happiness Report 2020.
Holahan, C. K. (1988). Relation of life goals at age 70 to activity participation and health and psychological well-being among terman's gifted men and women. Psychology and Aging, 3(3), 286-291.
Hou, Q. F., Yang, G., & Chen, L. L. (2013). The relationship among internet addiction,refusal internet self-efficacy and internet self-efficacy of college students. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition),40,483-488. http://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn. 1008-9497.2013.04.023.
Hunt, D., Atkin, D., & Krishnan, A. (2012). The influence of computer-mediated communication apprehension on motives for Facebook use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(2), 187-202.
Joinson, A. N. (2008, April). Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people?: motives and use of facebook. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 1027-1036. ACM.
Jang, K. S., Hwang, S. Y., & Choi, J. Y. (2008). Internet addiction and psychiatric symptoms among Korean adolescents. Journal of School Health, 78(3), 165-171.
Kim, H. J., & Davis, K. E. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490–500.
Kim, H. S. (2014). The impact of personal and cultural factors on online gaming and shopping activities, and life satisfaction of Asian college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 794-799.
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Lin, H. C., & Yang, M. J. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: A prospective study. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 10(4), 545-551.
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being.
Kouimtsidis, C., Drabble, K., & Ford, L. (2012). Implementation and evaluation of a
three-stage community treatment programme for alcohol dependence: A short
report. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 19(1), 81-83. http://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2011.562938
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528–3552.
Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D.
(2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996.
Kwon, J. H., Chung, C. S., & Lee, J. (2011). The effects of escape from self and interpersonal relationship on the pathological use of Internet games. Community mental health journal, 47(1),113-121.
Leung, L. (2014). Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the internet as predictors of online activities and internet addiction. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(5), 272–278.
Liang, L., Zhou, D., Yuan, C., Shao, A., & Bian, Y. (2016). Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 463-470.
Lin, M. P., Ko, H. C., & Wu, J. Y. (2008). The role of positive/negative outcome e xpectancy and refusal self-efficacy of internet use on internet addiction among college students in Taiwan. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(4), 451-457. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0121
Lin, M. P., Ko, H. C., & Wu, J. Y. W. (2011). Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors associated with Internet addiction in a nationally representative sample of college students in Taiwan. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(12), 741-746. http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0574
Lin, M. P., Wu, J. Y. W., You, J., Hu, W. H., & Yen, C. F. (2018). Prevalence of internet addiction and its risk and protective factors in a representative sample of senior high school students in Taiwan. Journal of Adolescence, 62, 38-46.
http://doi.org/10.1016/.adolescence.2017.11.004
Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2003). Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 527–539.
Martens, M. P. (2005). The use of structural equation modeling in counseling psychology research. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(3), 269-298.
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2003). Loneliness and social uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(6), 659–671.
Müller, K. W., Janikian, M., Dreier, M., Wölfling, K., Beutel, M. E., Tzavara, C., ... & Tsitsika, A. (2015). Regular gaming behavior and internet gaming disorder in European adolescents: results from a cross-national representative survey of prevalence, predictors, and psychopathological correlates. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 24(5), 565-574.
doi: 10.1007/s00787-014-0611-2.
Özcan, N. K., & Buzlu, S.(2020) Internet addiction and self-efficacy among adolescents. Child Health Nurs Res, 26(3),357–365.
Palomar-Lever, J. , & Victorio-Estrada, (2014). Determinants of subjective well-being in adolescent children of recipients of the oportunidades human development program in Mexico. Social Indicators Research, 118(1) , 103 - 124.
Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Von Gontard, A., & Popow, C. (2018). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(7), 645-659.
Prabhakaran, M. C., Patel, V. R., Ganjiwale, D. J., & Nimbalkar, M.S. (2016). Factors
associated with internet addiction among school-going adolescents in Vadodara.
Journal of Family Medication and Primary Care, 5(4), 765-769. http://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.201149
Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. Y., Rosen, D., ... & Colditz, J. B. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1–8.
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. J Behav Addict. 3(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1556%2FJBA.3.2014.016.
Salami, S. O. (2010). Self-efficacy beliefs, happiness, and achievement in adolescents. European Journal of Educational Studies, 2(3), 247-257.
Shen, C. C., & Tsai, C. C. (2010). Academic procrastination in internet-based environments: A multidimensional, situational, and social cognitive perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(4), 535-557.
Spada, M. M., Nikcevic, A. V., Moneta, G. B., & Wells, A. (2007). Metacognition as a
mediator of the relationship between emotion and smoking dependence. Addic-
tive Behaviors, 32(10), 2120-2129.http://doi.org/10.1016/i.addbch.2007.01.012
Spiliotopoulos, T., & Oakley, I. (2013). Understanding motivations for Facebook use: Usage metrics, network structure, and privacy. Human Factors in Computing Systems , 3287-3296.
Stevens, M. W., Dorstyn, D., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2021). Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6), 553-568.
Sugaya, N., Shirasaka, T., Takahashi, K., & Kanda, H. (2019). Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review. BioPsychoSocial medicine, 13(1), 1-16.
SZ, S. S., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Osman, M. N. (2011). Facebook addiction among female university students. Revista De Administratie Publica Si Politici Sociale, 2(7), 95-109.
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1994) Illusion and well-being revisited: Fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21-27.
Teppers, E., Luyckx, K., Klimstra, T. A., & Goossens, L. (2014). Loneliness and Facebook motives in adolescence: A longitudinal inquiry into directionality of effect. Journal of adolescence, 37(5), 691-699.
Thoits, P. A. (1982). Conceptual, methodological and theoretical problem in studying . 145-159.
Tsai, C. C., & Lin, S. J. (2003). Internet addiction of adolescents in Taiwan: An interview study. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 6(6), 649-652.
Tsai, M. J., Tsai, C. C., & Lin, S. S. (2001). Toward an intelligent e-learning system for assisting students in developing self-regulated learning. Computers & Education, 37(3-4), 271-289.
Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative? Social Indicators Reasearch,
24, 1-34.
Wang, C. W., Chan, C. L., Mak, K. K., Ho, S. Y., Wong, P. W., & Ho, R. T. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of video and internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: a pilot study. The Scientific World Journal. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/874648
Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the net: How to recognize the signs of internet addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. John Wiley & Sons.
Young, K. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
Young, K. S., & Rogers, R. C. (1998). The relationship between depression and internet addiction. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(1), 25-28.
Zhao, Q., Huang, Y., Li, C. (2022). Does adolescents’ Internet addiction trigger depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior, or vice versa? The moderating roles of peer relationships and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 129, 107-143. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107143.
Zhong, X., Zu, S., Tao, R., Zhao, C., Yang, F., Li, M., & Sha, P. (2011). The effect of a family-based intervention model on Internet-addicted Chinese adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 39(8), 1021-1034.
台北市政府衛生局(2021):青少年網路成癮評估與治療。
https://health.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=BB5A41BA1E6CA260&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s=E9C4E6919DCA854E
台北市政府衛生局(2021):青少年網路成癮評估與治療。
https://health.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=BB5A41BA1E6CA260&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s=E9C4E6919DCA854E
社團法人台灣憂鬱症防治協會(2021):青少年憂鬱防治與心理健康促進。
https://www.depression.org.tw/news/info.asp?/554.html
財團法人臺灣網路資訊中心（2019）：2019台灣網路報告。https://report.twnic.tw/2019/
財團法人臺灣網路資訊中心（2022）：2022台灣網路報告。
https://report.twnic.tw/2022/
國家發展委員會（2017）：106年網路沉迷研究調查報告。https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL2NrZmlsZS83MjVlOTBlOC1iZWVjLTQ0NzgtODA0MC1hNjBlYzEyYjMwNDkucGRm&n=MTA25bm057ay6Lev5rKJ6L%2B3LnBkZg%3D%3D
國家衛生研究院(2020):智慧型手機遊戲成癮評估量表(Problematic Mobile Gaming Questionnaire, PMGQ)
https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-16-55259-1.html
衛生福利部(2019):青少年心理健康促進:守護國高中教師自身與學生心理健康。
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/cp-4910-54115-107.html
衛生福利部(2020):青少年心理健康促進:網路成癮專區。https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/lp-4910-107.html
ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (2018). Gaming disorder.
https://icd.who.int/browse11/1m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentitY%2f1448597234