本研究旨在探討臺灣民眾對個人碳權分配(Personal Carbon Allowances, PCA)及其在「污染者付費」基礎上的公平性認知，如何影響個人減碳交通行為的轉型。研究以交通領域為情境，建構包含「個人碳權分配認知」、「分配公平」、「能力公平」、「責任公平」、「政策透明與接受度」等構面對「減碳交通行為」之關聯模型，並透過問卷調查蒐集實證資料。結果顯示，在整體公平性架構下，「能力公平」與「責任公平」對減碳交通行為具有顯著正向影響，意謂若配額設計同時考量經濟承擔能力與排放責任，可有效促使民眾轉向低碳運具與出行方式。整體影響程度排序為「責任公平」>「個人碳權分配認知」>「能力公平」，凸顯以污染者付費為核心的責任原則為最關鍵驅動力量，而提升民眾對PCA制度目的與運作機制之認知亦能帶來實質行為改變。基於上述發現，本研究建議政府在推行PCA時，應依據污染者付費原則並兼顧交通需求差異調整配額，同時強化教育宣導與制度設計，以建構大眾對制度意義、運作方式與交易機制的信任；再配合公共運輸升級與市場交易機制之整合，提升民眾對制度之公平與便利感受，使低碳交通方式更易自然融入日常出行，進而助力臺灣邁向2050淨零排放目標。

This study investigates how Taiwanese citizens’ perceptions of personal carbon allowance (PCA) allocation and its fairness under the polluter-pays principle shape low-carbon travel behavior. Focusing on the transport sector, a structural model is developed in which PCA allocation awareness, distributive fairness, capability fairness, responsibility fairness, and policy transparency and acceptance jointly predict low-carbon travel behavior. Questionnaire data are used to test these relationships. Results indicate that capability fairness and responsibility fairness have significant positive effects on low-carbon travel behavior, suggesting that PCA designs which reflect both individuals’ economic capacity and their emission responsibility can effectively encourage shifts toward low-carbon travel modes. The relative influence of the constructs is ranked as responsibility fairness > PCA allocation awareness > capability fairness, highlighting responsibility-based principles as the strongest behavioral driver, while improved understanding of PCA objectives and mechanisms also facilitates change. The study recommends that PCA implementation in Taiwan align allocation rules with the polluter-pays principle, adjust for differentiated transport needs, and strengthen public communication to build trust in system design and trading mechanisms, thereby supporting broader adoption of low-carbon mobility and progress toward the 2050 net-zero target.

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