現今，組織的成功被認為是組織裡員工績效或人力資本的累積結果。為了達成目標，員工的績效是組織的重要指標。過去，有許多研究關於什麼樣的因素影響員工績效表現；其中，領導者的領導風格被視為其中一項重要的因素。在過去的幾十年中，家長式領導已經成為另一種重要的領導風格，在研究領域中也受到了許多關注。本研探討組織領導行為(仁慈領導和威權領導)與員工績效表現關係。
本研究探討何種情況之下，威權式領導與仁慈領導對員工的績效表現有正向的影響效果；本研究也試圖探究家長式領導與員工工作表現之間中介變數，家長式領導（威權或仁慈領導）與信任（情感或認知信任）之間的調節效果。這個研究以來自台灣的製造業、科技業、與金融產業，98位領導者與425位員工為研究對象，研究結果為：第一，仁慈領導對員工的績效表現有正向的影響效果；而威權領導則無影響效果；第二，情感信任會正向中介仁慈領導與員工的績效表現的關係；而認知信任在威權領導與員工的績效表現的關係，則無中介效果。然而研究發現，威權領導與認知信任之間有顯著關係，本研究認為兩者之間關係值得在未來研究中更進一步探究。第三，家長式領導（仁慈領導與威權領導）與信任（情感與認知信任）則無領導者程序正義的調節效果。而在研究的最後，討論其領導理論與實務上的含義，也探討此研究的限制與未來可再進一步研究的方向。

This study identifies under what circumstances would authoritarian and benevolent leaders lead to positive outcomes, what are the possible psychological mediators between paternalistic leadership and employees’ job performance, and what is the potential moderator between paternalistic leadership (benevolent or authoritarian) and trust (affective and cognitive trust). The result, based on samples data collected from 425 supervisor-subordinate dyads from various industries such as manufacturing, technology, service and banking industries in Taiwan, showed that benevolent leadership is positively related to employees’ job performance; on the other hand, authoritarian leadership has a null relationship in between.
In our study, we have also found the psychological mediator between paternalistic leadership and employees’ job performance. Affective trust is as meditating effect between benevolent leadership and employees’ job performance, and cognitive trust did not mediate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees’ job performance. However, it is promising finding because we have found authoritarian leadership is significantly related to cognitive trust. In the moderating effect of supervisory procedural justice does not moderate the relationship between paternalistic leadership(benevolent and authoritarian) and trust(affective and cognitive). Nevertheless, we would consider supervisory procedural justice as a potential variable in paternalistic leadership for the future study.

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