本論文利用到摻鉺氟化物光纖Er:ZBLAN當增益光纖，接著利用到波長970nm的雷射二極體去激發高摻雜濃度的增益光纖，接著經由上轉換機制去吸收更強能量然後轉換更短的波長，假設為五階雷射系統然後去推導出速率方程式，再藉由模擬程式去尋找出更適合的反射率而得到更好的能量，藉由模擬數據去運用到綠光雷射實驗上，且嘗試著氟化物光纖與玻璃光纖在熔接上的各種方式，而在氟化物光纖材料上尋求更好的處理。

The main purpose of this study is to simulate and optimize the up-conversion green Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. We also conduct experiments on a 970-nm CW-pumped green Er:ZBLAN fiber laser based on the simulation results.First, we derive the rate equations for a laser system with 5 energy levels and successfully obtain lasing results in the simulation, by the up-conversion mechanism using an intense 970-nm pump,However, in the experiments, we only observed strong amplified spontaneous emission at 547nm. The lasing at 547nm could not be achieved in the experiments due to the difficulty and high loss of fiber alignment. It is concluded that an up-conversion green or blue Er:ZBLAN laser requires a sophisticated alignment technique and a more advanced solution for splicing silica fiber and fluoride fiber.

參考文獻
[1] A.Einstein,”Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung,”Phys.Z.18:121,1917.
[2] A. L. Schawlow, and C. H. Townes, “Infrared and optical masers,” Phys. Rev. 112:1940, (1958).
[3] T.H Maiman,”Stimulated optical radiation in ruby masers,” Nature 187:493,(1960)
[4] K.C Kao,G.A. Hockham “Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies,” Proc. IEEE 113(7):1151-1158(1966).
[5] K.O.Hill,”Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguide: application to reflection fiber fabrication,” Appl.Phys.Lett. 32:647.(1978).
[6] D. Hargis and A. Earman, Laser Focus World 145 (1998).
[7] H. Jones-Bey, Laser Focus World, 36(1), (2000).
[8] L. F. Johnson and H. J. Guggenheim, Applied Physics Letters.
[9] S. G. Grubb, K. W. Bennett, R. S. Cannon, and W. F. Humer, Electronics Letters, 28, 1243 (1992).
[10] S. Sanders, R. G. Waarts, D. G. Mehuys, and D. F. Welch, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, post deadline paper CPD23 (1995).
[11]闕文修，姚熹，霍玉晶，”LD磊浦的Nd:MgO:LiNbO3單晶光纖腔外倍頻激光器”，中國激光，第22卷，第8期，1995年。
[12] M. Poulain, M. Poulain, and J. Lucas, “Verres fluores autetrafluorure de zirconium proprietes optiques d’un verre dope au Nd3+,” Research Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 243–246, 1975.

[13] K. Ohsawa, T. Shibata, K. Nakamura, and S. Yoshida,r laser,” “Fluorozirconate glasses for infrared transmitting optical fibers,” in Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), pp. 1.1-1–1.1-4, Copenhagen, Danmark, September 1981.
[14] P.W. France, S. F. Carter,C.R.Day, andM.W.Moore, OpticalProperties and Applications in Fluoride Glasses, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1989.
[15] A. Comyns, Fluoride Glasses, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester,UK,1989.
[16] J. M. Parker, “Fluoride glasses,” Annual Review of Materials Science
, vol. 19, pp. 21–41, 1989.
[17] P. Klocek and G. H. Sigel, Infrared Fiber Optics, SPIE, Bellingham Wash, USA, 1989.
[18] P. France, M. G. Drexhage, J.M. Parker, M. W. Moore, S. F. ruby,” J. Carter, and J. V.Wright, Fluoride Glass Optical Fibers, Blackie. and Son, London, UK, 1990.
[19] I. Aggarwal and G. Lu, Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics, AcademicPress, Boston, Mass, USA, 1991.
[20] F. Gan, “Optical properties of fluoride glasses: a review,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 184, no. 1, pp. 9–20, 1995.
[21] J. S. Sanghera, L. E. Busse, I. D. Aggarwal, and C. F. Rapp, Infrared Fiber Optics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 1998.
[22] J. A. Hamrrington, Infrared Fibers and Their Applications, SPIE, Bellingham,Wash
[1] M. Pollnan and S. D. Jackson, “Erbium 3-μm fiber lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(1), 30–40
[2] 3.M.D. Shinn, W. A. Sibley, M. G. Drexhage and R. N. Brown, “Optical transitions of Er3+ ions in fluorozirconate glass,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 27, no 11,pp. 6635-6648, 1983.
[3] P.A. Krug, M.G. Sceats, G.R. Atkins, S.C. Guy and S.B. Poole, “Intermediate excited-state absorption in erbium-doped fiber strongly pumped at 980 nm,”Optics Letter, vol. 16, no 24, pp. 1976-1978, 1991.
[4] D. Piehler, D. Craven, N. Kwong, and H. Zarem, “Laser diode pumped red and green upconversion fibre laser,” Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no 21, pp.1857-1858, 1993.
[5] F. Kaczmarek and J. Karolczak, “Optical pumping of an infrared-to-visible upconversion fiber laser,” Opt. Appl., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 913-918, 2005.
[6] F. KACZMAREK and J. KAROLCZAK,”Infrared-to-visible Upconversion in erbium fluoride(ZBLAN :Er3+)optical fiber:competition to between the parasitic 850-nm fluorescence and green fiber laser at 544nm,” Opto-Electron. Rev., 12, no. 2, 2004
[7] J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie and H. Poignant,” TUNABLE GREEN UPCONVERSION ERBIUM FIBRE LASER,” ELECTRONICS LETTERS 16th January 1992 Vol. 28 No. 2
[1] M. Pollnan and S. D. Jackson, “Erbium 3-μm fiber lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(1), 30–40
[2] 3.M.D. Shinn, W. A. Sibley, M. G. Drexhage and R. N. Brown, “Optical transitions of Er3+ ions in fluorozirconate glass,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 27, no 11,pp. 6635-6648, 1983.
[3] S. R. Bullock, B. R. Reddy, P. Venkateswarlu, S. K. Nash-Stevenson, and J. C. Fajardo, “Energy upconversion and spectroscopic studies of ZBLAN:Er3,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 83–92, 1997.
[4] S. Ivanova and F. Pellé, “Strong 1.53 μm to NIR-VIS-UV upconversion in Er-doped fluoride glass for highefficiency solar cells,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26(10), 1930–1938 (2009).