極端高溫與極端低溫事件頻傳，環境溫度的改變影響人們健康甚劇。有鑒於一般民眾每日處於室內環境之時間高達9成，釐清室內溫度變化與影響其變化之因子有助於建築室內溫度控制與民眾疾病的預防。本研究擬以每小時解析度的資料深入探討大氣溫度與室內溫度的差距分佈，並嘗試評估氣象因子、建築物特性及人員行為頻率等對於溫差（室內溫度減室外溫度）變化的影響程度。
研究團隊於2012年8月至2015年7月長期追蹤30間分布於臺灣11個縣市之一般住宅室內溫度變化、建築物特性、人員行為等，並且同步彙整與之對應的區域性大氣資料。本研究選取各住宅完整一年每小時溫度變化資料，依每月室外平均溫度分布趨勢將整年區分為冷月（10月至5月）及暖月（6月至9月），並依建築物特性及人員行為頻率進行分層分析，以T檢定 (T-test) 瞭解溫差在不同組別間的差異，接著使用混合效應模式 (Linear mixed effect model) 計算各變項對溫差的影響程度。
根據每小時室內外溫度分布可以發現，相較於冷月，暖月中午時段之室內溫度明顯低於室外溫度，接著，從溫差的部分可以發現，每日的夜間與凌晨時段的室內外溫度差距大，這樣的情況於冷月更是明顯，除此之外，冷暖月中午時段可以觀察到室內溫度幾乎維持定值；室外溫度不斷攀升，導致平均溫差超過1°C，對易感族群而言存在很高的健康風險。接下來，從混合效應模式的分析結果中發現大氣溫度、相對溼度、大氣壓力、風速、降雨量、日照時數、住宅窗口數、住宅朝北窗口數量、室內冷氣、風扇和暖氣使用頻率為影響溫差的主要因子。
本研究的結果顯示臺灣地區的一般住宅，室內外溫差不論在季節尺度或是每日尺度中均可以發現變化，其影響因子包含：大氣氣象因子、建築物特性和人員行為頻率。研究結果將有助於公共衛生領域建置一溫度暴露預警系統，也可以提供建築規劃領域在建築隔熱、通風設計上的參考。

As frequency of extreme temperature events is increasing, its subsequent health effects have also attracted rising concerns. Since people spend up to 90% of their time in built environments, to clarify the factors associated with the changes of indoor temperature is critical for forming indoor thermal control and public health strategies. In this study, we investigated the difference between indoor and ambient temperature with hourly interval, and further to examine the effects of meteorological factors, building characteristics and human behavior on the changes of temperature difference levels. Temperature difference (TD) is defined as the subtracted difference between the indoor temperature and ambient levels. The dataset of hourly indoor temperature and human behaviours over one year was recorded from 30 residences of 11 cities in Taiwan from August 2012 to July 2015. Simultaneous ambient levels were also collected from nearby weather stations. The T-test was applied to examine the difference of TD between groups, and we used the mixed effect model to characterize the effects of each factors under multivariable adjustment. Overall, the lowest TD level always occurs in the noon period. In addition to the period at midday, the levels of TD in the cool season (Oct. to May) are higher than that in the warm season (Jun. to Sep.). In Taiwan, the level of TD seems to vary by seasons and time periods. The important effect factors include meteorological factors, building characteristics and human behaviour. This study is aimed to serve as the reference for further establishment of temperature warning system as well as to support the building insulation design.

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