中文摘要
工業上針對鹼性含鋅鎳離子電鍍廢水一般所使用的方法為:磷酸銨鎂共沉澱法、折點加氯法、化學沉澱法、重捕劑螯合沉澱法，本研究針對上述方法中的磷酸銨鎂共沉澱法、折點加氯法與重捕劑螯合沉澱法進行優化。磷酸銨鎂共沉澱法優化磷酸鈉跟氯化鎂的加藥量，並調整pH值和額外添加硫化鈉來幫助鋅鎳離子沉澱，在優化過程中磷酸鈉與氯化鎂加藥量過大跟產生汙泥過多的問題使這個方法並不適合實際應用在工業處理上。折點加氯法以次氯酸鈉加藥量做優化並額外添加硫化鈉幫助鋅鎳離子沉澱，然而此方法在優化過程中存在次氯酸鈉加藥量過多的問題，並且在處理的過程中會產生氣體，因此在實際應用上會面臨昂貴的加藥成本與氣體產生導致廢水噴濺的問題。重捕劑螯合沉澱法優化則選用二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)作為重補劑搭配硫化鈉幫助鋅鎳離子沉澱，並同時調整pH值，發現對於500毫升鹼性含鋅鎳離子電鍍廢水以二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)沉澱法處理的最佳條件為二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)和硫化鈉混合配置藥劑#2添加18毫升，並在pH值中性條件下能將廢水鎳離子89 ppm與鋅離子390 ppm降至鎳離子0.00603 ppm與鋅離子1.00 ppm，符合鎳離子1 ppm以下、鋅離子5 ppm以下的排放標準。
工業上針對含鎘離子廢水一般所使用的方法為:化學沉澱法、吸附法、重捕劑螯合法，本研究針對含鎘離子廢水優化氫氧化鎂吸附法與重捕劑螯合法。氫氧化鎂吸附法優化氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁的加藥量，在優化過程中發現開發的藥劑除了加藥量大之外並不能配置成液體的藥水，增加實際操作上加藥成本與困難性。重捕劑螯合沉澱法優化則選用二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)作為重補劑搭配硫化鈉幫助鎘離子沉澱，並同時調整pH值，發現對於500毫升含鎘廢水以二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)沉澱法處理最佳條件為二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉(DTC)和硫化鈉混合配置藥劑10毫升以兩階段處理，並調整pH值至12以上，能將廢水鎘離子0.0867 ppm降至未檢出，符合鎘離子0.03 ppm 以下的排放標準。
工業上並未有含硼廢水有效的處理方法，本研究針對含硼離子廢水開發優化鈣礬石沉澱法，優化氯化鈣與硫酸鋁的加藥量並調整pH值，發現對於500毫升含硼廢水以鈣礬石沉澱法處理最佳條件為氯化鈣與硫酸鋁配置的藥劑AB各添加15毫升，並調整pH值至11.5以上，能將廢水硼離子109 ppm降至1.72 ppm，符合硼離子15 ppm 以下的排放標準。
關鍵字:工業電鍍廢水化學處理法;鋅離子;鎳離子;鎘離子;硼離子

SUMMARY
The industrial electroplating wastewater will have a very serious impact on environment if it is directly discharged into the water sewer. Therefore, the treatment of industrial electroplating wastewater is a problem that is needed to be urgently solved. This experiment developed effective chemical treatment methods to remove zinc ions, nickel ions, cadmium ions, and boron ions from the electroplating wastewater, and evaluated whether the developed methods met the official industrial treatment requirements.
Three methods are developed to treat the electroplating wastewater containing zinc and nickle ions: i). magnesium ammonium phosphate deposition method, ii). breakpoint chlorination method, and iii). dimethyldithiocarbamate deposition method. Two methods are developed for electroplating wastewater containing cadmium ion: i). magnesium hydroxide adsorption method, ii). dimethyldithiocarbamate deposition method. One method is developed for electroplating wastewater containing boron ion: ettringite deposition method. All methods mentioned above can successfully deal with the harmful ions in the electroplating wastewater.
The most suitable industrial treatment method for each electroplating wastewater is evaluated by requirement such as the cost of chemical agent. Dimethyldithiocarbamate deposition method is the most suitable for the wastewater containing zinc, nickle, cadmium ions and ettringite deposition method is the most suitable for the wastewater containing boron ion.
Using the above methods, under neutral pH we can reduce the concentration of Nickle and Zinc ions from 89 ppm and 390 ppm to 0.00603 ppm and 1.00 ppm, respectively. Under pH value over 12, we can reduce the concentration of Cadmium ion from 0.0867 ppm to undetectable level. Under pH value over 11.5, we can reduce the concentration of boron ion from 109 ppm to 1.72 ppm. All of the ion concentration treated with the methods developed in this study are legal to be discharged.
Key word:Chemical treatments on industrial electroplating wastewater;zinc ion;nickel ion;cadmium ion;boron ion

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