本研究使用溶膠凝膠法搭配微波溶熱法合成超小奈米顆粒二氧化鈦，以2-戊醇(2PEN)、3-戊醇(3PEN) 、辛醇(OCT)分別作為反應溶劑，用以合成不同晶粒大小與發展晶面的二氧化鈦超小晶粒。將溶熱反應後的膠體溶液以異丙醇(IPA)或正丙醇(NPA)進行溶劑置換並製成漿料，網印製成DSSC之工作電極，比較二氧化鈦晶粒尺寸及發展晶面對於DSSC光電轉換效率的影響。本研究發現溶熱反應中選用的溶劑種類會影響二氧化鈦的晶粒大小與發展晶面。選用長碳鏈的醇類因為沸點高，所以反應過程中壓力較小，使較多晶核析出，加上空間阻隔效應，因此合成的二氧化鈦晶粒也越小；若是使用二級醇則容易形成烷氧自由基，此自由基會與{001}面上的Ti4+鍵結，抑制晶體往[001]方向成長，因此形成{001}的發展晶面。此外，在製備漿料時，分散溶劑種類也可改變超小顆粒二氧化鈦晶粒之分散性。本研究比較二氧化鈦晶粒發展晶面、晶粒尺寸以及晶粒於漿料中的分散性，對於DSSC光電轉換過程中電子壽命、染料吸附量、開路電壓等性質的影響。研究結果顯示，以超小奈米顆粒二氧化鈦作為工作電極，因為具有高比表面積，染料吸附能力佳，增加光捕獲率，且顆粒緊密堆積利於電子傳遞，延長電子壽命，可以提升DSSC的光電流。其中以辛醇為反應溶劑，正丙醇為分散溶劑的參數，因為晶粒均勻分散於漿料中，使得量子侷限效應相對顯著，因而表現較高的VOC，也是所有參數中電性表現最佳的樣品，在14 m的膜厚下，不需疊加散射層，光電轉換效率即可達10.04 %。

In this study, we used a clean and time-effective process to synthesize ultrafine TiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel microwave-assisted solvothermal method and for the use of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). TiO2 crystallite size and the major exposed crystallite facet can be tailored by using different solvents. The results revealed that using 2-pentanol (2PEN) and 3-pentanol (3PEN) had similar crystallite size; however the later exhibited preferred (001) facet that allowed a longer electron lifetime and led to a relatively higher Jsc performance.

The ultrafine crystallite size of 10 nm derived by octanol (OCT) devoted to an obviously high Jsc among all the samples. In addition, OCT derived TiO2 crystallites dispersed in isopropanol (OI) and in n-propanol (ON) showed different degree of aggregation that also gave apparent effect of their DSSC performances. ON showed good dispersion and led to a quantum confinement effect. This effect resulted in a higher theoretic open circuit voltage (Voc) for the DSSC made of ON photoelectrode and showed the best power conversion efficiency up to 10.04 % with a film thickness of 14 m.

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